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民国就业故事:鲁迅曾被借调 文化人合营饭店

2016-02-27 16:05:23   羊城晚报

无独有偶,北洋政府时的众议院议员林长民,在曹锟贿选总统时,面对曹锟开出的一张选票五千元高价,他毫不动心,并公开反对。事后林长民避居天津,以防迫害。据《闽海过帆》载:林长民寓居天津后,找不到工作,一家老小生计出了问题,因为他工书法,得柳公权之遒劲,无奈只有卖字为生,他自题润例云:“去年不卖票,今年来卖字。同以笔墨换金钱,遑问昨非与今是。”他自己一语道破其中玄机,可见其高风亮节。人们敬重他的为人和书法,前来求书法的甚众,一时收入也不比贿选票价少,使他们一家渡过了难关。

另外,据《海上春秋》载:著名作家张天翼,三十年代时,寄居其姐姐家里,他姐夫是大名鼎鼎的国民党官员邵元冲,可是他却不依靠姐姐家的权势谋得职业。当时他在南京,没有固定工作,仍以写作为生,而那时的稿费每千字也只有二三元,生活十分艰苦。可是他仍然活得有滋有味。

  4 合营饭店,人人做老板

在那个名家生存尚且困难的时代,百姓的生计可想而知,可是他们能苦中作乐,自谋职业,走出自己谋职就业的路子来。据《八桂香屑录》载:抗战初期,在广西柳州鹤山旁河南路上段开了一家名叫“七·七”的饭店,更与众不同的是老板、账房、侍者、卖手、饭司务等,都是二十来岁的大学生和高中生,他们来自五湖四海,朝气蓬勃。每天边工作边学习,互帮互教,取长补短。饭店开得热火朝天。

他们采取合作经营的方式,人人既是老板,又是工人。每月结账一次,他们还从盈利中拿出百分之六十捐助各自的同学——在前线工作的战地服务团团员。有时,他们利用顾客候车、等人的空隙,开展形式多样围绕抗战的时事问答,宣传抗战;答对的顾客奖励一碟小菜、一件点心或一份小礼物,答不上的顾客他们深入浅出地解释。这一生动活泼的形式很受顾客欢迎,因而店内从早到晚,座无虚席。

1939年2月,著名记者陆诒撰文在《新华日报》上介绍了这家别开生面的饭店。

这样的好点子,也不是偶然现象,而在北国的哈尔滨还出现了一个“一毛钱饭馆”。据《黑土金沙录》载: “九·一八”第二年的冬天,哈尔滨道里中国四道街出现了一个小饭馆,匾额上书“一毛钱饭馆”。这个饭馆是当时的一些文化人开的,当时在哈尔滨的一些左翼作家比较困难,中共满洲省委派人出面,联系了刘昨非、王关石、白涛、冯咏秋、黄田、裴馨园等六个进步文化界人士,共同筹集资金,租赁房屋,雇用了一个厨师。一切准备就绪,他们在门前放了挂爆竹,就开业了。

小饭馆的设施虽然简陋,但很洁净、文雅。墙上挂的都是画家们的画。跑堂的都是些文化人,都很朴实热情,加之他们以经济实惠为宗旨,吃一顿简便的饭,只需要一毛钱;一盘熘炒,也是一毛钱。薄利多销,顾客盈门,普通市民都愿意到这里就餐,一时生意兴隆。尤其是一些文化人,当时在哈尔滨的舒群、罗烽、白朗、萧军、萧红、方未艾、唐景阳、金剑啸等许多作家、画家、编辑、记者、教师,都是这里的常客。因此这里成了哈尔滨进步文化界人士经常聚会的地方。

  5 官场求职有喜悲

如果说一些名人和百姓,为了生计可以卖字、开饭馆,那么官场的人们求职是啥样呢?杜聿明作为堂堂的国军将领,当年曾拒绝其从弟杜聿功的求职请求。据《三秦轶事》载:1935年,杜聿明任国军二十五师副师长时,其从弟杜聿功没有工作,就写信请他给谋份差事,结果杜聿明拒绝了。他在给杜聿功的回信中说:“为伊设想已久,皆觉无适当工作,因外间作事,非文必武,此二者又非伊之长,欲谋其他事务,则政府限令军人不得干政,虽欲力为亦无门可告,故再四思之实觉为之难也。”

杜聿明应该是一个遵纪守法、按章办事的军人,其弟在他这里求职无望,相信读了此信后也会慢慢理解他的。

哥哥是高官谋职都靠不上,那么自己去跑官的有效果吗?据《两浙轶事》载:抗战初期,原浙江省军管区国民军训处少将处长王梦,是黄埔一期的学生,也是蒋介石的嫡系门生。

1939年春,王梦获知蒋介石将对人事有所调整,便想去竞逐中将军长,特将处长职务暂交与别人代理,自己乘小轿车由浙江金华出发,星夜兼程赶往重庆。由于星夜行车赶路,王梦很疲倦,结果就进入了梦乡,同时行车时车门又没关好,以致几次颠簸震动后,车门自动打开了,车行至湖南的一个桥上时,睡梦中的王梦竟掉到桥下的河里。司机发觉后,立即赶回寻找主人,将他从河里救起。王梦已不省人事,送当地医院抢救。后来命算是抢救过来了,可是双眼神经受重伤,造成了斗鸡眼,面容破相,住院达半年之久。这时重庆人事调整已告结束,王梦再回到金华时,他原来的处长职务,也被浙江省主席黄绍竑的连襟所代替。这真是有猪头没庙门,王梦的升官美梦就此终结。

本版统筹 李素灵

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