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民国就业故事:鲁迅曾被借调 文化人合营饭店

2016-02-27 16:05:23   羊城晚报

鲁迅

□刘永加

春节过完了,大批农民工和大学生纷纷踏上了求职的征程,开始了新一年的奋斗。

而在民国时,由于社会动荡,经济不发达,人们求职更不容易。先来讲个就业的故事:据《中州轶闻》载,那时,有个河南人叫靳志,他不仅致力于国学研究,还留学英法,精通英文、法文。正因为他精通此两种外语,先是被录用到外交部工作,后又到重庆另一个部做笔札工作,正好用他中国旧文学的功底。他曾经自我解嘲说:“亏我洋货国货俱全,可供顾客选购。”可见在民国时,没有两把刷子,想谋个好差事真是难啊!

我们来看看那些民国名人和一般百姓的求职就业之路是如何走的。

  1 名人也借调

鲁迅先生就曾有过一次借调的经历。据《金陵掌故》载:1909年鲁迅从日本留学回国,先后在绍兴几座学堂任教或做监督(校长),后因鲁迅对绍兴军政分府都督王金发的行为进行抨击,受到威胁,工作很不顺心。就在这时,鲁迅接到好友许寿堂的来信,邀请他到南京临时政府教育部帮忙。这样,鲁迅离开故乡前往南京。鲁迅对此回忆道:“然而事情很凑巧,季茀写信来催我往南京了。爱农(范爱农)也很赞成,但颇凄凉,说——‘这里又是那样,住不得。你快去罢……’我懂得他无声的话,决计往南京。”

1912年元旦,南京成立了中华民国临时政府,孙中山为临时大总统。虽然政府的各个部门都已经成立,但大多是空架子。拿教育部来说,当时只有总长蔡元培,次长景耀月和一个会计,且连办公用房也没有。蔡元培找到许寿堂等人帮忙,看来许寿堂也是借调过来的,他们从江苏都督府内务司那里借到几间房子,直到1月19日,才正式对外办公。

当时的教育部,按照临时政府的规定,主要是“管理教育、学艺及历象、礼教事务”。工作人员没有明确分工,也没有明确职务。鲁迅来到后,同许寿堂一样都是部员,除食宿免费外,每人每月有30元的部员津贴。当时,鲁迅的工作,一是对形势和政策进行宣传演讲;二是收购图书,准备建立中央图书馆;三是创办《文教》杂志。

就是这样一份借调的工作,还差一点因为鲁迅太过耿直,被弄掉了。一次,蔡元培受命北上北京,次长景耀月来代理部务。此人好大喜功,只知扩充自己的势力,引用私人,忽然开会要办杂志,鲁迅不睬他,他也不太识人,暗中开了一个名单,送请大总统任命,竟把鲁迅的名字给无端除去了。幸而蔡元培回来,赶快把这件事撤销了。

由于南京临时政府在“南北议和”中一再退让,孙中山不得不辞去大总统的职务,袁世凯就任大总统,南京政府也迁往北京。3月下旬,蔡元培宣布教育部正式解散,并向北京政府推荐了一部分部员,其中就有鲁迅和许寿堂。5月初,两人乘船由海路北上,去北京政府教育部任“荐任佥事”。鲁迅在南京政府教育部的借调生涯就此结束。

另外著名翻译家、儿童文学作家叶君健也有过借调的经历。据《京华风云》载:抗战爆发后,正在日本从事英语、世界语教学工作的叶君健回到祖国,被当时的武汉大学校长王星拱推荐到湖北随县的一个中学教英文,此时正在武汉的好友冯乃超和张光年推荐他,借调到郭沫若领导的国民政府军事委员会政治部第三厅第七处工作,任务是用英语对外宣传。后来同样被借调到三厅工作的还有著名作家郁达夫。可见那时的名人虽然有能力,但要是没有人推荐,找一份合适的工作还是很难的。

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