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国内儿童专用药占比不足2% 剂型规格严重匮乏

2017-08-09 13:34:21   新华网

国内儿童专用药占比不足批准文号药品的2%,剂型、规格严重匮乏——

儿童要用儿童药

由于儿童专用药匮乏,很多患儿在服药时都被当成“缩小版成人”对待,按照“小儿酌减”的原则把成人药给孩子使用,用药靠掰、剂量靠猜。要破解儿童安全用药难题,还需要动员社会各方发挥各自的职能优势,让儿童用上儿童药——

近日发布的《2016年儿童用药安全调查报告白皮书》显示,因用药不当,我国每年约有3万名儿童耳聋。这一数字表明,儿童用药不当,不仅仅孩子受到伤害,也给家庭带来了诸多不幸,给社会造成了沉重负担。

日前,在中国医药新闻信息协会儿童用药安全分会和首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院联合主办的2017儿童用药安全高峰论坛上,专家指出,由于儿童专用药匮乏,很多患儿在服药时都被当成“缩小版的成人”对待,按照“小儿酌减”的原则把成人药给孩子减量使用,用药靠掰、剂量靠猜。“这样做存在着巨大的安全隐患,儿童要用儿童药。”

儿童专属药品不足2%

近日,记者走访北京市多家药房发现,市场上常见的药物制剂品种中,很多都没有儿童剂型,儿童专用药品非常匮乏。刘华女士告诉记者,自己女儿今年三岁,每次去医院给孩子看病,回家就要做“计算题”。“医生说孩子服药要减量,一般都是一片成人药分几次吃。较大的药片家长是用手掰,如果药片小,就需要用工具把药片碾碎,再估算剂量分为几份让孩子用温水服下。”刘华说,相比成人用药,儿童用药少之又少。

首都医科大学附属天坛医院药学部主任、北京医管局总药师赵志刚介绍说,目前国内具有批准文号的药品约为18万个,儿童用药有3000多个,占比不到2%,仅涉及400多个品种。这相对于全国2.2亿儿童人数、12%的患病率来说,远远不够。适宜儿童的剂型、规格也非常缺乏,尤其是低龄儿童、新生儿用药。首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院的调查显示,231种儿童常用处方药中,剂型位居前三的是注射剂、片剂和口服液,其中适宜儿童的剂型,如粉末吸入剂、栓剂、糖浆等非常少。

由于儿童新陈代谢旺盛,调节能力差,对药物的敏感性高于成人,但大量药品又缺乏儿童用法、用量,儿童专用药少,我国儿童药不良反应发生率较高。赵志刚说,中国儿童用药不良反应率是12.9%,新生儿高达24.4%,比成人高2倍和4倍。国家食药监总局近日发布的药品不良反应报告显示,2016年14岁(含)以下儿童报告数量占报告总量的10.6%,其中严重不良反应报告占儿童报告总量的5.5%。

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