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中国7年前偶然发现的矿脉 解决国产发动机瓶颈

2017-08-04 16:21:49   中国军网

航空发动机被誉为现代工业的“皇冠”,单晶叶片则被誉为“皇冠上的明珠”。单晶叶片由于处于航空发动机中温度最高、应力最复杂、环境最恶劣的部位,被视为航空产品第一关键零件。单晶叶片的铸造工艺直接决定了航空发动机的性能,是一个国家航空工业水平的显著标志之一。

国产大型客机C919停放在中国商飞公司试飞中心祝桥基地机库外(4月20日摄)。新华社记者丁汀摄

铸造单晶叶片,离不开一种特殊的金属——铼。作为自然界最后被人类发现的一种稀有金属元素,铼在地壳中的含量比绝大部分稀土元素都少,含铼的镍基高温合金能够有效提高单晶叶片的各项性能和使用寿命。

在我国,有一家名为炼石有色的民营企业,他们依托对稀有金属铼的勘探发掘和含铼高温合金技术的使用,进军航空发动机领域,将为我国自主研发的航空发动机提供一流的单晶叶片。

只有从“痛感”走出,才能重获新生

2010年,华山南麓矿山,工作人员意外勘探到稀有金属铼。对炼石有色公司来说,这是上天送来的惊喜——储量176吨,约占全球储量的7%,仅次于美国与俄罗斯。消息公布,国内外高度关注。

熟悉航空航天工业的人都知道,小到涡轮叶片、排气喷嘴,大到航空发动机、火箭外壳,铼金属是航空航天工业生产必不可少的战略资源。

直到上世纪末,我国并没有发现铼金属,缺少对含铼高温合金和单晶叶片铸造技术的相关研究。加之西方国家一直对中国实施技术封锁,这项技术成为我国航空发动机研制发展瓶颈之一。

勘探出铼金属,却没有相关配套技术,这是摆在他们面前的头等难题。“企业不能只满足于单一的勘探开采,我们还要掌握先进的铸造技术,并应用到航空领域。”在一次企业董事会上,董事长张政决定要推动企业转型。

转型之路并非想象中那么容易。回忆往事,张政对记者说:“从稀有金属行业贸然进军全新领域,既要承担市场风险,还要经历转型之‘痛’。”

“这次转型就是解决一项工作的两个难题。”张政说,含铼高温合金和单晶叶片铸造技术,看似两个不同的技术环节,但最终目的是为了成功铸造单晶叶片。

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