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香港机场增建跑道 生物学家担心影响中华白海豚生存

2017-06-17 01:01:29   参考消息

参考消息网6月17日报道 美媒称,中华白海豚是香港这座城市的吉祥物,然而海洋生物学家说,如今它的长期生存面临问题。

据美国《纽约时报》网站6月16日文章称,去年夏天,工人们开始在香港国际机场附近水域兴建第三条跑道,这是一个为期八年的工程。官员们表示,这个项目将令香港保持全球航空枢纽的地位,跑道落成后,附近将于2023年左右建成一座海洋公园,以补偿该计划中对一片海豚栖息地的破坏,这片栖息地的面积约为纽约市中央公园的两倍。

但生物学家说,第三跑道项目会加剧高速渡轮交通及其他基础建设项目对环境造成的破坏。

“我们想要更多的钱,所以无法保护我们的海豚,对于香港来说,这真是一幅可怕的画面,”生物学家洪家耀说。几十年来,他一直在研究珠江入海口的海豚,并且在法庭上与第三跑道项目作斗争,但没有成功。


五月,人们在香港大屿山岛附近看到一头中华白海豚。(图片来源:美国《纽约时报》网站)

文章称,珠江入海口是中国近海最大的中华白海豚栖息地,可能也是它们在东南亚最大的栖息地,这里的中华白海豚数量估计约为2500头。今年3月,科学期刊《科学公共图书馆·综合》期刊发表了一份香港大学生物学家根据四年半来的调查结果写成的报告,估计“至少有368头海豚将香港的水域作为部分活动区域。”

洪家耀的调查受政府资助,他采用另一种研究方法,表明香港水域内的海豚数量(某一时段内海豚出现数量的估计值)已从2003年的188头降至2015年的65头,达到历史最低水平。“我们处于危急关头,”他说。

香港机场管理局表示,去年香港机场接待了7050万人次,第三跑道将大大提升航班容量,到2061年将增加580亿美元(1美元约合6.8元人民币)收入。

“如果机场目前已经有了第三条跑道,它也能被利用上,”总部在澳大利亚的亚太航空中心驻港资深分析师威尔·霍顿说,“本地航空公司的增长受抑制,外国公司也在等待增加航班。”

香港机场管理局表示,该局关于海洋公园的提案是以国际最佳实务为基础,而且建造船只的噪音不会对海豚造成长期伤害,因为它们“预计会躲开,这是有智力的动物的预期反应。”

该局在一份声明中表示,拟建的海洋公园是跑道项目规模的四倍,将为大屿山北部海域的海豚数目反弹“铺平道路”。

但生物学家说,从现在起至2023年,拟建的公园无法保护海豚免受建筑噪音影响,也未能涵盖大屿山西南部水域的重要海豚栖息地。

研究香港海豚的加拿大多伦多大学生物学家约翰·王说,这种做法实质上是令机场管理局用海豚的生命作赌注。他说,即使香港政府发布了环境影响研究报告,海豚会对跑道施工噪音以及未来高速渡轮或航运路线变化做出什么样的回应,目前依然不确定。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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