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中国首颗X射线卫星“慧眼”成功发射:能观测黑洞

2017-06-15 13:20:43   央视网

原标题:我国成功发射首颗X射线调制望远镜卫星“慧眼”

今天上午11时,我国在酒泉卫星发射中心采用长征四号乙运载火箭,成功发射首颗X射线空间天文卫星“慧眼”。该卫星工程是国防科工局牵头组织实施的重大空间科学任务,将显著提升我国大型科学卫星研制水平,填补我国空间X射线探测卫星的空白,实现我国在空间高能天体物理领域由地面观测向天地联合观测的跨越。

“慧眼”全称硬X射线调制望远镜卫星(HXMT),是继中欧合作地球空间探测双星,“悟空”号暗物质粒子探测卫星和“墨子”号量子科学实验卫星之后,我国又一颗重要的空间科学卫星。卫星设计寿命4年,呈立方体构型,总质量约为2500kg,装载高能、中能、低能X射线望远镜和空间环境监测器等4个探测有效载荷,可观测1~250keV能量范围的X射线和200keV~3MeV能量范围的伽玛射线。卫星采用直接解调成像方法,通过扫描观测可以完成宽波段、高灵敏度、高分辨率的空间X射线成像,具有复杂的热控保障、对地测控与数传保障以及载荷长期工作下的能源保障能力。

“慧眼”主要工作模式包括巡天观测、定点观测和小天区扫描模式。卫星发射入轨后,将开展四个方面的空间探测活动:

一是将对银道面进行巡天观测,发现新的高能变源和已知高能天体的新活动;

二是通过观测和分析黑洞、中子星等高能天体的光变和能谱性质,加深对致密天体和黑洞强引力场中动力学和高能辐射过程的认识;

三是在硬X射线/软伽玛射线能区获得伽马射线暴及其它爆发现象的能谱和时变观测数据,研究宇宙深处大质量恒星死亡以及中子星并合等导致的黑洞的形成过程;

四是探索利用X射线脉冲星进行航天器自主导航的技术和原理并开展在轨实验。

经过60多年的发展,中国航天在空间技术、空间应用、空间科学三大领域均取得了长足的进步。空间科学逐步建立起了包括空间天文、空间物理、太阳系探测、微重力科学、空间生命科学等专业领域,人才队伍初具规模、科研成果不断涌现。在空间科学国际合作方面,我国先后与欧洲空间局、俄罗斯、巴西、法国、意大利、阿尔及利亚、阿根廷等国家及国际组织建立双边航天合作机制,签署一系列合作大纲。

后续,将持续推进重大空间科学任务,深化论证并启动新的空间科学项目;强化空间科学关键技术预先研究,继续拓展空间科学领域国际合作。此次发射任务是长征系列运载火箭的第248次发射。(央视记者李厦)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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