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院士吁“海底真空隧道列车”立项 时速可达2千公里

2017-04-25 10:39:33   科技日报

原标题:海底真空隧道列车:理论时速2000公里

本报记者宦建新

4月22日,中国科学院院士孙钧,中国工程院院士顾国彪、乐嘉陵和众多专家不约而同来到舟山普陀。他们都为世界第一条跨海真空悬浮隧道而来,对跨海旅游真空飞行巴士进行技术研讨——世界首条海底真空隧道的建造呼之欲出。

真空隧道想象图

一位民营企业家的大胆设想

2014年提出建造世界首条跨海旅游真空飞行巴士,是刘子忠的大胆想法。作为九州动脉隧道技术有限公司董事长,刘子忠因这个决策而走上科技创新前沿,站在建造跨海水下真空隧道的世界新技术的风口。

“他是烟台人,是烟台到大连的海底隧道建设让他有了这个想法。”九州动脉副总经理王敬国说,刘子忠的目标坚定:建造世界首条海底真空隧道,以海底真空旅游飞行巴士的建设为跨海旅游先行先试。为此,他组织研发团队,由西南交通大学、浙江大学、国防科技大学等专门人才研发攻关,目前已获得多项专利。

海底真空旅游飞行巴士,就是跨海悬浮隧道真空列车。主要采用水下桥隧技术、磁悬浮列车技术以及真空技术。水下桥隧技术,是一种在水中悬浮的管状隧道,通过控制管道自身的重浮比,依靠浮力支撑隧道约90%重量。采用真空管道及磁悬浮列车技术,可减少管道内90%的空气阻力,大幅提高列车运行速度,大幅减少空气噪声。

这不是天方夜谭,而是基于我国这一领域技术的积累。近20年来,我国水下隧道建设迅猛发展,目前已建成各类水下隧道工程超过500座。

建“第五代交通工具”有哪些难点

跨海通道突破了传统的海运方式在天气等方面的制约,理论速度可以超过2000公里/小时,是一种可以全天候运行的交通通道海底真空列车(飞行巴士),将成为人类历史上继火车、汽车、轮船和飞机之外第五代交通工具。

20世纪末,时任中科院院长的路甬祥就提出建设中国悬浮隧道阿基米德桥的构想。2004年两院院士沈志云又提出建设真空管道高速交通设想。2014年,西南交通大学建成世界首条真空管道交通实验系统。而美国公布了建设真空管道列车的方案。

目前,中铁隧道勘测设计院有限公司已完成了舟山海底真空隧道初步方案研究。项目负责人贺维国说,普陀海底真空隧道将采用盾构加水下桥技术建造。如果建成,将是国内最长的海底隧道,全长10公里,也是世界首座水下真空隧道。其挑战主要是快速、标准化海底隧道修建技术、真空隧道的防渗技术、真空隧道真空的实现及结构设计技术、实现隧道内列车高速运行,隧道的不均匀沉降控制标准等。他认为,利用国内现有技术,能够实现水下真空隧道的修建。真空隧道断面较小,通过对现有水下隧道技术的改进,可以大幅降低建造成本,加快建设速度。他坦言,仍有不少技术难点和新工艺,需要提前开展相关专题研究与进一步论证工作。

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