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东北虎豹国家公园获批:跨吉林黑龙江两省

2016-12-06 19:51:52   

东北虎

12月5日召开的中央全面深化改革领导小组第三十次会议审议通过了《东北虎豹国家公园体制试点方案》等多份文件,并指出试点有利于增强东北虎豹栖息地的联通性、协调性、完整性,推动整体保护、系统修复,实现种群稳定繁衍。

据吉林省林业厅有关负责人介绍,拟建立的东北虎豹国家公园按照野生东北虎豹主要栖息地、扩散廊道和潜在分布区、生态系统完整性和自然性、尽量避开人口稠密区和经济活动频繁区、与东北虎豹种群发展需求相适应等原则划定范围,范围涉及吉林省和黑龙江省,以吉林省为主。

东北豹

虎豹位于森林生态系统食物链顶端,东北虎和东北豹是生物多样性保护的旗舰物种,在中国主要分布在吉林、黑龙江两省。自上世纪50年代起,由于森林被过度采伐,生态遭到严重破坏,东北虎逐渐在长白山区消失,几十年不见踪迹,甚至有专家认为,野生东北虎已经在中国绝迹。

近年来,通过采取积极的保护措施,东北虎豹种群数量呈现恢复性增长趋势。据专项监测结果显示,目前吉林省境内共生活着5个东北虎家族,全省共监测到东北虎27只。这与1998年中、俄、美科学家在长白山林区调查发现的6-9只东北虎相比,有了明显增长。

据中俄两国监测,在吉林珲春周边和俄罗斯豹地公园目前至少有35只虎和70只豹,但该地区面积不足4000平方公里,虎、豹数量已超出资源承载力的3倍。同时,受地理因素限制,虎、豹无法向俄罗斯境内扩散,唯一出路是向中国长白山腹地扩散。

中国科学院动物研究所副研究员解焱认为,东北虎豹国家公园的范围划定后,政府会通过生态移民方式将该区域内的居民、厂矿迁出,避免人类的生产生活与野生动物的活动产生冲突。

据了解,通过建设东北虎豹国家公园,东北虎豹栖息地适宜性和连通性增强,形成稳定的东北虎豹繁殖扩散种源地。同时,东北虎豹国家公园将建立生物多样性监测网络体系,形成天地空一体化生态环境监测网络,及时收集与东北虎豹生存繁衍密切相关的自然和人文信息,为东北虎豹研究提供科学依据。

世界自然基金会(WWF)北京代表处高级总监范志勇表示,东北虎豹国家公园试点的启动,意味着破碎的东北虎豹潜在栖息地有望连成大片,同时为中俄自然保护的合作提供了基础。

“东北虎和东北豹重现中国,是我国高度重视生态文明建设、长期推进自然保护建设的结果。”常年从事虎豹监测研究的北京师范大学副校长葛剑平教授认为,“当前,中国正面临东北虎和东北豹恢复和保护的重大机遇。”

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