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医保基金缺口或将提前 过度医疗引发最大缺口

2016-01-22 09:20:53   第一财经日报

医保基金缺口或将提前 过度医疗引发最大缺口

”过度医疗“下的医保基金缺口

就在政府拟研究退休人员缴纳医保费用的消息公布后不久,医疗保险基金的收支矛盾再次进入公众的视野。

此次,相关部门将着力于研究如何控制医疗费用的不合理增长,即遏制“过度医疗”环节中巨额医保费用的流失。此举被受访人士解读为与“开源”并举的“节流”。

《第一财经日报》在杭州、金华、岳阳等地调查时发现,囿于目前政府在采购法律法规上的限制,“节流”市场的发展也面临政府如何购买服务和第三方机构如何盈利的发展瓶颈。

基金缺口或将提前

从1998年至今,中国用不到20年的时间完成了世界上最大的医疗保险计划,基本上实现了13亿人医疗保险制度的全覆盖。

在最近几年,由于人口老龄化和医疗费用的快速上涨,医疗保险基金面临着日益严峻的收支形势。国际上有研究证明,老龄化并不直接导致增加医疗费用,只是增加了护理费用。在中国却有所不同:老年慢性病住院率提升和药费占比过高,是医疗总费用增加和医保支出增加的主要原因之一。

清华大学医疗服务治理研究中心最新的一项测算显示,中国的卫生医疗总费用增长在进入老龄社会之后快速增长,具有指数式增长的趋势。如果不加以控制,中国医疗卫生总费用将由目前的3万亿增长到2040年的273万亿,这将对财政、医疗保险基金和个人带来不可承受的负担。

清华大学的该项预测称,基本医疗保险基金缺口将出现在2024年,倘若加入人口老龄化、一次性趸交等因素,医保基金收支缺口将在近期出现。

现实情况是医保基金面临着“开源无望”的局面。受访专家认为,即使征收退休人员的医保费,每年不过几百亿的收入对医保基金来说也是杯水车薪。政府能做的和正在做的只能是通过控制医疗费用的不合理增长(即控费)来实现节流。

清华大学医疗服务治理研究中心主任杨燕绥说,向退休人员征收医保费只是实现医保基金收支平衡的次优选择,最优选择应该是通过建立医疗服务综合治理机制,合理控制医疗费用增长率。

杨燕绥说,控费并不是要降低医疗费用,而是要基于健康大数据建立与人均GDP相挂钩的人均医疗费用增长率指标,从不合理的医疗费用中挤出水分。

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