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五大发展理念引领中国向更可持续的方向前进

2017-08-06 11:00:27   中国网

周宏春国务院发展研究中心研究员

中国网/中国发展门户网讯中国,有着上下5000年的文明史,有着世界上迄今的最多人口,国民生产总值已居世界第二;中国的发展,犹如人类历史长河中的一艘巨轮,需要不断调整航向。以习近平同志为核心的党中央在我国发展转型转折的关键阶段提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享五大发展理念。发展理念是行动的先导,是管全局、管根本、管方向、管长远的东西,是发展思路、发展方向、发展着力点的集中体现。

“十三五”以来的实践证明,破解发展难题,厚植发展优势,必须以五大发展理念为指导。五大发展理念,不仅符合中国国情和发展阶段的基本特征,顺应了时代要求,而且还将引领中国由大国走向强国、驶向可持续发展的彼岸。

创新发展,解决的是发展动力问题。习近平总书记强调:“抓创新就是抓发展,谋创新就是谋未来。”为让创新驱动替代已有要素投入,党中央国务院出台一系列政策文件,如互联网+、大数据战略、创新创业等,以促进发展转型和产业升级,使产品和服务、特别是政府提供的基本公共服务满足变化了的需求,这也是供给侧结构性改革的本质要求。面对经济新常态,国家培育发展新动能,推动大众创业、万众创新,激发创新创业活力,推动新技术、新产业、新业态的发展,取得了初步成效。国务院发展研究中心的有关研究表明,从今年上半年数据看,经济脱离了长达七年的下行轨道,触底并转入新增长平台;经济波动幅度将明显收窄。下半年增长基本平稳,略有回落,有可能是进入新平台后的第一个回调期。如果回调幅度不深,中国经济可能进入一个动能转换、稳定性和可持续性较强的增长阶段。

协调发展,解决的是发展不平衡问题,是我国持续健康发展的内在要求。中国经济社会发展中的不平衡表现为,一是东、中、西部发展不平衡。尽管中央政府实施了西部开发、东北振兴、中部崛起等战略,但中西部地区的人均收入不足东部地区的1/3。二是城乡发展不平衡,“城市像欧洲、农村像非洲”现象常见;城乡及城市内部二元结构矛盾突出,广大农村基础设施、公共服务水平与城市相比差距较大。三是财富占有的不平衡。贫富差距还有扩大趋势,基尼系数超过0.47;一些贫困者从暂时贫困变成了长期贫困。四是社会文明、国民素质与经济社会发展水平的不平衡。在人均收入迈入中高收入水平的背景下,社会不文明的现象大量存在,精神文明建设任重道远。因此,应当增强发展的协调性,促进城乡协调、区域协调、经济社会协调。我国大力推动的京津冀协同发展,特别是“国家大事、千年大计”的雄安新区建设,可以有序疏解北京非首都功能,探索人口经济密集区优化开发模式。推进长江经济带建设,变大开发为大保护,可以引导产业布局和分工协作,促进协调发展。

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