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《中国梦——365个故事》之大木匠

2017-06-14 15:34:54   千龙网

前段时间有部纪录片热别火,叫《我在故宫修文物》,讲的是一群在故宫兢兢业业修复文物的工匠。片中的工匠们修复的文物可以统称为可移动文物,但是故宫还有一个不可移动的文物,那就是故宫本身。这个大文物也是需要修复和维护的,甚至还有烧毁的宫殿,需要原汁原味的复建出来。

这座宏伟壮丽的宫殿背后也有一群工匠在付出自己的激情和青春。今天要讲述的主人公就是故宫修缮技艺部的大木匠李永革,他19岁进入故宫,在故宫至今已经工作了四十年,亲手修复的宫殿和主持修复的宫殿不计其数。2012年,凭着多年的实践经验和苦心钻研的古建知识,他被评为“官式古建筑营造技艺传承人”,在故宫这座神秘的宫殿里面继续培养新人。

故宫是是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的土木结构古建筑之一,也是我国古建筑的精华。因为木质结构的特殊性,它需要精心的维护和修复。所以从故宫诞生之日起,就有一个部门存在,那就是故宫的修缮中心。今天我们要讲述的故事,正是关于修缮中心的一位大木匠。

《大木匠》编导手记

编导:汤倩倩

英国作家潘鬘在《建福宫:在紫禁城重建一座花园》书中称赞李永革虚怀若谷、开创进取,拍摄结束后,我才恍然发现这八个字多么精准。

李老师工作的地方是由明清两朝的内务府造办处演化而来的,现在叫修缮技艺部,它的历史和故宫一样悠久,而李老师继承下来的手艺却比它们更加久远,那是中国几千年古建的精华。

1975年,初入故宫,李老师的身份是一名木匠学徒,但是,随着畅音阁戏楼、皇极殿一区、东南角楼、慈宁宫花园咸若馆、太和殿、景阳宫……一座座亭台楼阁的修缮,他渐渐成为中国传统古建,土木华章的一部分,木作、土作、瓦作、石作等等,只要和古建相关,没有他不感兴趣的。

他说他是故宫的一名木匠,事实上,他是故宫博物馆的研究馆员,是中国艺术研究院的硕士研究生导师,是国家文物局古建专家组成员,是国家级非物质文化遗产项目官式古建筑营造技艺传承人……还会说一口流利的阿拉伯语。

不同于传统的匠人,他常常会有异于常人想法,你甚至不知道他的这些想法是从哪来的。比如,太和殿维修时,他给太和殿的四个角都装上摄像机,游客们上不去,但是可以在下面看到上面在做什么;比如,维修乾清门广场,他采用开放式施工,游客们可以清晰的看到那些砖是怎么放的,传统工艺一道道怎么做,用的是什么传统工具……

这种粗犷中的细腻,与时俱进的思维让我感动不已。与其说他是为游客考虑,但又何尝不是对传统工艺的深沉的眷念呢。

拍摄之初,李老师并不喜欢讲述他自己,我抛出的每一问题,他都有能力让它停在技术的解答上,一个斗拱就聊得我七晕八素,事先的百度完全不管用。于是只好一趟趟往故宫跑,称呼从李老师变成李叔,去故宫跟去自家菜园子一样平常。回头想想我特别感谢李叔的真诚,正是他这种对工艺技术的迷恋造就了他今天的成就,也带我进入了一个非常独特的世界,对我们这个民族更多了一份了解。

责任编辑:都基强 CN065
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