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西媒观点:美欧关系尚不存在替代选项

2018-05-30 10:17:59   参考消息

原标题:西媒观点:美欧关系尚不存在替代选项

参考消息网5月29日报道 西班牙皇家埃尔卡诺研究所网站5月24日刊登文章称,美欧对于威胁及应对方式的不同看法使联盟承受着压力,但跨大西洋关系仍然对双方具有重大战略意义,并且不存在现实替代选项。

白宫零和思维引欧洲不满

文章称,欧洲人对白宫不满,但特朗普似乎并不信任这些曾经的盟友们,也不太了解欧盟的情况。这位总统承诺通过重新考量那些他认为对美国不公和有损害的国际协议以“让美国再次伟大”,并对各个国际机构的价值提出质疑。欧洲也成为其主要目标之一,特朗普支持英国脱欧,并认为北约已经过时。然而,恰恰是该组织在9·11事件后首次也是最后一次援引北约宪章第五条,认为那场袭击“应被视为对全体缔约国的攻击”,北约由此加入到美国主导的反恐军事行动中。

文章指出,德国总理默克尔最先代表广大欧洲人表达了自己的感受:美国的欧洲盟友不能再依赖美国了,必须将命运掌握在自己手中。随后欧洲人看到美国退出巴黎气候协定和伊朗核协议,以及承认耶路撒冷是以色列的首都等。

文章称,特朗普政府近来关于保护主义的各种决定以及退出伊朗核协议的举动已经破坏了双方的关系和几十年来的繁荣与稳定。

文章称,国际事务在白宫看来是一场零和游戏,他们崇尚霍布斯式状态而非康德提出的全球化社会,认为所有国家都为了获得优势而斗争。在这个竞争激烈的世界里,联盟都是为了利益而临时结交,对美国来说没有内在价值,不会增强其权力或影响,也不能避免未来爆发战争。美国的方案是加强自身实力,把本国利益放在第一位,但并不支持多极化的重新崛起,也不支持加强国际秩序或强调北约和其他欧洲盟国的重要性。

跨大西洋关系依然重要

文章称,危机早就成为大西洋两岸关系的常数:在政治上(霸主VS盟友),在战略层面(例如核威慑)、在经济领域(尤其是如何应对经济危机)。此前这些危机只存在于系统内部。但特朗普上台后违背了既定国际秩序的原则和思想,在系统之外制造了一场危机。对于很多人来说,这意味着垂死挣扎的跨大西洋关系的终结和死亡。

但与此同时,多数专家,尤其是大西洋另一边的专家坚持认为,跨大西洋关系对当今世界至关重要。从内部来说,这种关系有助于重申民主或促进朝民主的过渡,有利于维持自由市场、司法独立和新闻自由;从国际层面上说,这种关系能够成为利用法治和国际机构来解决国际争端、促进自由贸易的导向。

文章认为,特朗普对欧盟和北约的敌意并不能完全代表美国舆论。大多数美国人仍对欧盟、北约和欧洲人持积极态度,这其中包括大多数美国政治家、军人、专家和国会成员。新任国务卿迈克·蓬佩奥刚上任就直奔布鲁塞尔出席北约外长会议,以回应那些吹到华盛顿的令人不安的风。

尽管特朗普有时自相矛盾,但欧洲政府应当坚持原则,以低调的态度讨论与华盛顿之间的分歧。

重写新的跨大西洋关系

文章称,也许人们不可能看到跨大西洋关系恢复如初,因为世界正在改变,美国和欧洲也不例外。但大西洋仍然是民主世界和自由贸易体系的中心,这是一片不使用武力解决冲突的和平之地。同样的,美欧对于威胁及应对方式的不同看法使联盟承受着压力,但跨大西洋关系仍然对双方具有重大战略意义,并且不存在现实替代选项。

迄今为止,共同的价值观、一致的利益和共同的目标构成了美国与欧洲关系的基础。也许人们必须重写这段关系,也许人们必须更清楚地区分对这段关系来说什么是结构性的,什么是暂时的。因为如今跨大西洋关系远远超出了各国政府和领导人的范围,其他一些角色在跨大西洋协作的某些方面正在日益占据核心地位:城市、地区,非国家组织、企业、学术界和科学家等。人们对这些角色并未给予足够的重视。

文章称,随着人工智能的发展、大数据的广泛使用和物联网的扩张,跨大西洋的“不协调”是不可想象的。跨大西洋“潮流”海底电缆就是一个最好的例子。这条连接欧美的海底光纤电缆涉及企业包括微软、脸书和西班牙电信公司。铺设这条光缆的原因何在?因为跨大西洋的数据流量将继续增加,而这一举措将助力全球通信。综上所述,怎么能不相信跨大西洋关系的未来呢?毕竟美欧在同一片海里。

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