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国际观察|俄欧关系因美国迎来回暖契机

2018-05-27 10:26:03   光明网

新华社莫斯科5月26日电(记者魏良磊)俄罗斯总统普京24日在圣彼得堡会见到访的法国总统马克龙。而此前不久,德国总理默克尔也对俄进行了访问。

有分析指出,默克尔和马克龙先后访俄足见欧盟对俄罗斯的重视,俄欧关系回暖迹象明显。欧盟与美国近来在伊朗核问题全面协议及贸易问题上出现严重分歧,而俄欧在这些问题上立场较为接近,可以说在一定程度上是美国“推动”了俄欧靠拢。

5月7日,俄罗斯总统普京在莫斯科克里姆林宫参加就职典礼。(新华社/法新)

欧洲领导人频繁访俄

普京与马克龙就美国单方面退出伊核问题全面协议一事交换意见。普京表示,美国破坏伊核协议毫无道理,将对世界局势产生不利影响。俄方一贯坚持维护伊核协议,欢迎包括法国在内的欧洲有关国家为之所作的努力。

在叙利亚问题上普京强调,俄罗斯将在尊重叙主权和领土完整基础上,在阿斯塔纳进程框架内继续推动政治解决叙利亚问题。同时,俄法两国将尽快推动成立叙利亚宪法委员会。

马克龙则表示,法国与俄罗斯同为联合国安理会常任理事国,在处理国际事务方面联系十分紧密,相信双方能够找到伊核和叙利亚问题等国际热点的解决方案。

两国领导人还表示将进一步深化俄法经贸合作。

18日,普京与到访的德国总理默克尔进行会晤,双方重申支持维护伊核协议。默克尔表示,与俄罗斯之间的良好关系符合德国的战略利益。

22日,普京还会见了到访的保加利亚总统拉德夫。拉德夫承诺保将致力于推动欧盟和俄罗斯的对话,还邀请普京今年访保。

分析人士指出,因在乌克兰问题和克里米亚事件上的分歧,俄欧关系近年来持续紧张,保加利亚甚至因此与俄罗斯中断高层对话。而近期由于与美国在诸多问题上分歧加大,欧盟多国开始加强与俄罗斯的往来,这表明欧盟内部正在重新审视对俄关系。

5月17日,在保加利亚首都索非亚,出席欧盟-西巴尔干国家领导人会议的法国总统马克龙(左)、英国首相特雷莎·梅(中)与德国总理默克尔交谈。(新华社/路透)

俄欧各有合作意愿

普京本月初再次就任俄总统后,把实现突破性发展定为未来六年的任务,要把俄经济增速提高到世界平均水平之上并保持宏观经济稳定。分析人士指出,在这一大背景下,俄罗斯需要与欧盟加强对话与合作,这有利于改善俄发展的外部环境。

俄总统新闻秘书佩斯科夫在解释普京近来密集外交活动时表示,俄罗斯希望通过发展与其他国家的平等互利关系,为俄落实国内经济社会发展计划创造良好环境。

从欧盟方面看,与俄改善关系的意愿也非常强烈。自从特朗普就任美国总统以来,美国与欧盟在诸多问题上都存在巨大分歧,美国实施钢铝关税措施以及退出伊核协议更令双方裂痕进一步加深。而俄欧却在多个问题上持有相近立场。

此间舆论认为,欧盟和俄罗斯都反对美国退出伊核协议,如何推动伊核协议继续得到履行关乎俄欧共同利益。

此外,反对美国的贸易保护主义尤其是钢铝关税措施是俄欧另一项共同迫切任务。普京在圣彼得堡国际经济论坛官方网站发表的欢迎信中表示,此次论坛的任务之一是讨论如何增强全球经济稳定性,提高经济效率,要实现这一目标,就不能允许在多边贸易、投资领域人为设置障碍。

2017年,俄罗斯是欧盟第四大贸易伙伴,欧盟是俄罗斯第一大贸易伙伴。俄罗斯是欧盟主要的能源供应国,也是欧盟机械设备的主要出口市场。分析人士指出,如果欧盟国家不再追随美国对俄制裁,俄欧双方在投资、金融、能源等领域的合作将显著扩大。

俄罗斯常驻欧盟代表奇若夫指出,俄罗斯期待欧盟早日意识到,其追随美国采取对俄制裁的行为给俄欧关系带来了损害。俄方没有关闭任何合作渠道,愿意进一步与欧盟加强各领域合作。

分析人士认为,在当前美欧关系因为伊核协议和贸易问题裂痕加深的背景下,近年来持续紧张的俄欧关系迎来了缓和契机。但由于俄欧在地缘战略上存在矛盾,且欧盟内部意见并不完全统一,俄欧关系缓和仍面临不小阻碍。

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