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宗庆后批马云胡说八道,有没有道理?

2016-12-28 14:44:53   中国网

事实上,技术对经济的改变相对来说更加显而易见,比如,互联网、移动互联网都改变了经济,改变了生活。但与此相对的,制度对经济的改变,却往往不容易被察觉。

最近,马云提出了五新的说法,即新零售、新制造、新技术、新金融和新资源。在最近的一次电视节目上,宗庆后表示:我认为除了新技术以外,其他都是胡说八道。新制造,本身就不是实体经济制造什么东西。如果是新技术,我倒认为对实体经济确实是追求新的技术,来提高我们这个制造业,从中低端走向高端制造业。

宗庆后的这一番话,使得本来以“共同探讨中国制造业寒冬的深层原因”的节目,某种程度上变为对以互联网为基础的新经济的批评。格力电器董事长董明珠顺便也表达了自己的看法,她认为90后喜欢开网店是“国家隐患”。

宗庆后是1945年生人,他的世界观形成于上世纪五六十年代,在那个年代的教育中,只有工厂工人的劳动才被认可创造了真正的价值,哪怕是国有银行的员工,国有商店的售货员,都被视为依附于商业资本的剥削。所以,宗庆后认为,只有直接参与生产的技术,才是经济发展的重要因素,这并不奇怪。

董明珠比宗庆后小一些,生于1954年,世界观同样形成于火红岁月。在这个时期,中国社会一直处于一种高度的组织化状态,组织起来进行生产,甚至生活。随着改革开放,经济权利的放松带给了人更大的自由度,很多人脱离单位,或者生产队的束缚。但社会观念上仍然可以发现过去的遗迹,没有单位的人,仍被视为游手好闲。

所以,宗庆后与董明珠的观念实际上有着深刻的历史印迹,是历史的一种回响。但有趣的是,实际上,互联网导师们并不是这样认为的。比如,马云提到新金融。所谓新金融,顾名思义,就是不同于当下的一种新的金融制度,新的融资方式。其实,如今的股市在200年前也是新金融。

实际上,中国的发展史也证明了这一点。

技术对经济的改变相对来说是更加显而易见的,比如,互联网、移动互联网带来了新的金融形式,这些都改变了经济,改变了生活。但与此相对的,制度对经济的改变,却往往不容易被察觉。

很多时候,特别是在中国,某种程度上,新制度更加重要,甚至比技术还重要。

比如,技术一直存在,但是缺乏制度的支持与保护,各种新技术一直不能进入中国国门,甚至高速公路,都曾被视为资本主义的东西。直到改革开放,解决了制度问题,新技术才一拥而进,而宗庆后这样的企业家,也是依靠制度,才能生存、发展。

实际上,在当下主流的经济学发展中,制度对经济发展的作用越来越受到重视。制度经济学(InstitutionalEconomics)是把制度作为研究对象的一门经济学分支。它研究制度对于经济行为和经济发展的影响,以及经济发展如何影响制度的演变。

制度经济学的研究始于科斯(RonaldCoase)《企业之性质》,威廉姆森(OliverWilliamson)、德姆塞茨(HaroldDemsetz)等人对于这门新兴学科作出了重大的贡献。近30年,新制度经济学是蓬勃发展的经济学的一个分支,衍生出产权经济学、交易费用经济学、新经济史以及契约经济学等分支。简单从字面理解,这些多多少少与马云所说的“五新”中的后“四新”有相似之处。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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