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特朗普能用人事冲中美俄大三角吗

2016-12-14 10:09:52   

特朗普13日提名普京的老朋友、埃克森美孚CEO雷克斯·蒂勒森出任国务卿。蒂勒森64岁,长期效力于埃克森美孚,在很多国家有广泛人脉。但他未从过政,与特朗普一样是“政治素人”。特朗普将“一大批”CEO带进自己的团队,另外还选中了多名退役将军,使他的组阁充满了对美国人来说也挺意外的“破格提拔”。加上他本人也属“破格”,可谓众议纷纷。

不过蒂勒森的提名遭到的争议最多,原因是很多国会议员担心他“亲俄”,因此预测他可能通不过参议院批准的分析相当火爆。蒂勒森曾在俄工作多年,接受过克里姆林宫颁发的友谊勋章。实现这种抵制需要所有民主党参议员加上至少两名共和党参议员投反对票。

如果蒂勒森通过提名,加上竞选中对普京表达过好感的新总统特朗普,美俄改善关系的人事条件就已经具备了。由于美俄关系在奥巴马时期差得出了格,脸都撕破了,两国关系应当说存续了回摆的一定势能。

中国舆论场上一直有美俄改善关系会损害中俄关系的担心,在特朗普做出对蒂勒森的任职提名之后,恐怕这种担心会受到新的刺激。

这种担心一点也不荒唐,但必须指出,它很不专业,属于外行人善意的“忧国忧民”。

首先,美俄改善关系应是消除双方“紧张泡沫”,或者说减少那些因为政治上“下不来台”而互示强硬的部分。因此两国领导人重新微笑握手,把相互谴责的外交辞令变成特定场合的某些好话和恭维,减少相互刺激,是非常有可能的。

然而美俄改善关系必须突破两国的一些重大结构性矛盾,它们至少包括乌克兰问题,北约在东欧和波罗的海增加军力部署威胁俄罗斯安全问题,还有叙利亚问题等。这些问题都触及普京的底线。而特朗普如果全面让步,美国的西欧和东欧盟友都可能愤怒,东欧等国家尤其可能感觉自己被华盛顿“出卖了”。

第二,即使美俄关系实现一定程度的改善,也不构成对中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系的实际冲击。中俄已经解决边界问题,两国也无意识形态纷争,在俄最困难的日子里,中国一直尊重这个邻国,也尊重普京,两国友好和战略合作经历了考验。

中俄关系已经成为莫斯科长期的战略正资产,因为一个其他方向的变动而损失掉这份优质关系是不合逻辑的,尤其是之前俄罗斯被美国耍过。对莫斯科来说,在改善对华盛顿关系的同时继续巩固中俄关系,显然最符合它的利益。

俄罗斯决不会出卖自己的独立自主外交,把自己降低为美国战略的一个协同者。它如果想继续站在世界舞台的中心位置上,就肯定不会特朗普一招手,就报名参加他的“国际内阁”。

其实大国都会有基本的定力。西方总是想拉拢印度,改变印度与中国竞争的性质,让其扮演中国在亚洲的强劲对手。但是印度一直没有上钩。这几年中印间的具体问题没有减少,但印度一直保持同中国就事论事的态度,维系了它同中国关系的总体稳定。

中国人不妨在美俄可能改善关系的问题上多一些自信和平常心。其实我们应当乐见美俄改善关系,这会减少中国在一些不好表明绝对立场不想选边时的尴尬。中国的很多友好国家都同时与美国关系良好,这没有让我们感到不自在。

美俄关系改善改变不了中国北方漫长边界的平稳,也改变不了中俄在许多国际问题上的立场协同和相互支持。中俄过去就是结伴不结盟,两国总体上各自应对了来自美国和西方的战略压力。两国都有这样的实力,背靠着背,面对着前方。

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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