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越南"强烈抗议"中国在西沙军演 称侵犯越南主权

2016-07-06 07:47:47   

社评:越南抗议中国军演更像“例行表态”

越南外交部4日晚间发声明“强烈抗议”中国军队在西沙群岛海域举行军事演习,宣称中方的行动侵犯了越南的主权,威胁了南海安全和海事安全。中国宣布5日至11日在西沙群岛海域举行军事演习,河内的声明要求中方停止这一行动。

解放军的演习当然不会受越方表态的影响,事实上越南外交部的声明被更多看成是越方的“例行表态”,并非河内的某种特别姿态。每次中国在西沙地区有开发建设或重大活动,包括军事活动,越方都会表达抗议,连中国宣布休渔河内都要批评几句。但是越方一般不会采取干扰性行动。

越方虽然声称西沙群岛(越南称之为黄沙群岛)是越南领土,但越南现在实际看守的是西沙群岛基线与越南海岸线之间的中间线。另外越南非法侵占了南沙20多个岛礁,它在西沙同中国闹,有策应其在南沙争议中保持主动的意图。2014年中国在西沙海域搞石油勘探,越南反应激烈,是很罕见的。

对中国的这次军演,菲律宾、美国官方都未公开反对,只是媒体上有些议论,越南的单方面抗议基本无国际响应,因此也不会有什么后果。

越南刚刚开过十二大,也新选了国会,组成了新政府,新领导集体将发展经济作为最重要的国家目标。越方控制的南沙岛礁最多,它的实际海上策略是想巩固其获得了不少利益的“南海现状”。对华盛顿去年提出南海各声索方停止新的行动并维持现状,越南的真实态度是欢迎的。

目前围绕南海的最大冲突点是菲律宾挑起的国际仲裁案,它有美国支持,仲裁结果12日就要公布,之后美国等域外力量会利用它采取什么样的进一步行动尚不清楚。

中越海上关系经历了2014年的波动后,目前相对缓和。在中国扩建岛礁等问题上,越南的反对调门比菲律宾及美日要低。越南看来最想保它非法侵占的南沙岛礁,以及实现它在海上采油的合法化。在它觉得这两方面没有大威胁时,大概不会对华做激烈挑衅。

越南是同中国在南海主张方面争议规模最大的国家,菲律宾则是一段时间以来态度最激烈的国家,它是美国的盟国,也成为了美借助干预南海的第一杠杆。中越除了国家关系,两党关系也在起作用,越的意识形态利益决定了它不能断然投向美国,与中国对抗。

中越关系复杂而微妙,冲突起来会破底线,越的国家稳定又离不开中国的政治影响,如果越南与中国的海上对立持续像菲律宾一样激烈,成为美的事实盟友,将增加中国的被动。如果越南大体淡出冲突,中越达成双边解决的默契,南海格局也会发生改变,美国在这一地区的活动空间将被压缩。

但是中越解决南沙问题的难度很高,中越都不太可能就领土问题让步,现在看不到两国如何消化南沙争议的时间表和路线图。

未来一段时间中越有时相互抗议,但不采取激化双方矛盾行动,从而维持模糊海上关系的可能性将是高概率的。中国会集中精力应对伴随仲裁案而至的各种挑战,中美之间的战略博弈或许会在这个地区愈发突出。

越南即使同中国摩擦,也会是间歇性的,具体事件性的。越南承受不起同中国战略对抗,中国也不会同它那样做。中越整体上的友好合作应是两国都愿意保持、发展的大局。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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