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媒体解析南海仲裁不公正性:法庭由日本法官组建

2016-05-29 10:06:48   中国台湾网

编者按:南海仲裁案实体裁决宣布在即,海内外都对之报以极大关注。既然要谈国际法,我们就在法言法地辩个明白。为此,国际法促进中心发起组织了“南海法律研究组”。研究组由十位中国国际法年轻学者和律师自愿报名组成,针对南海仲裁案管辖权阶段程序、管辖权裁决以及实体阶段程序等5个课题进行了研究。澎湃新闻与中国评论通讯社联手合作,近日起陆续刊出此次的研究成果,为南海仲裁案提供客观理性的法律分析,发出中国年轻学者和律师的声音。本文是南海仲裁案系列研究报告的第一篇,旨在分析本次南海仲裁案中仲裁庭公正性存在的瑕疵。原标题为《中菲南海仲裁庭、仲裁员公正性瑕疵和日本法官的回避》,现标题为编者所拟。

公正性是确保公正审判最重要的原则性要求,是各国际法院与法庭权威性立足的根本,也是其判决、裁决得以被认可的保障。在本次中菲南海仲裁案中,仲裁庭的公正性是存在瑕疵的,主要体现在仲裁庭主要组建人、仲裁庭的构成、人员的组成三方面。

本文主要回答了两个问题:一是,仲裁庭的实际主要组建人、日本籍柳井俊二法官的公正性是否存在瑕疵?其是否构成法定回避情形,进而应当回避指任仲裁员、组建仲裁庭?二是,中菲南海仲裁庭本身的构成、人员的组成,是否存在公正性瑕疵?

仲裁法庭如何组建?

中菲南海仲裁庭是依据《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称《公约》)附件七为本案特设成立的。《公约》附件七第3条赋予国际海洋法法庭(ITLOS)主席在特定情形下指任、组建特设仲裁庭的权利。

本案中,时任ITLOS主席的日本籍法官柳井俊二承担了组建中菲南海仲裁庭的大部分工作。在5人仲裁庭中,除德国籍Rüdiger Wolfrum法官为菲律宾方指派,其余4人均由柳井法官代为指派,包括Thomas A. Mensah法官(加纳籍)、Jean-Pierre Cot法官(法国籍)、Alfred H. Soons教授(荷兰籍)、Stanislaw Pawlak法官(波兰籍)。其中Pawlak法官是柳井代中国指派的中方仲裁员代表,Mensah法官则是柳井指任的首席仲裁员。

柳井俊二理应回避此案

柳井法官的公正性存在瑕疵,甚至严重瑕疵。其公正性存在瑕疵的依据有两个方面。

第一,柳井俊二曾是日本资深外交官,与争端一方当事国存在过往联系。

《国际司法独立性原则》(burgh house principles on the independence of the international judiciary,以下简称BHP)第10段明确了与争端一方当事国存在的过往联系,可能构成对法官公正性质疑的依据。在司法实践中,这种过往联系往往取决于法官的过往职业背景。

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