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天然气市场化改革依旧任重道远

2017-10-13 09:47:53   

近日,期货日报记者获悉,旨在争取亚洲石油天然气交易定价权的上海石油天然气交易中心(下文简称交易中心)自开展LNG竞价交易试点以来,已陆续开展了多场管道天然气现货竞价交易。这标志着我国向天然气价格市场化改革迈出了重要的一步。

在9月12日交易中心首次举办的管道天然气竞价交易中,9月13日交收的当日合同竞价成交40笔合计400万立方米天然气,9月14日交收的当日合同竞价成交两笔合计500万立方米天然气。9月18日,中国石油天然气销售西南分公司在交易中心开展管道气网上竞价交易试点,当日挂出的1100万立方米天然气全部成交。本次交易由川渝两地9家客户成功摘单,成交16笔。

一位参与天然气竞价交易的人士向期货日报记者表示:“亚洲作为全球重要的石油天然气进口地区,一直没有形成有影响力的油气交易和定价中心。从参与竞价场面的火爆程度可以感觉到,交易中心有望成为中国版的Henry Hub(亨利枢纽)。”

不过也有人士持不同的看法,一位不方便具名的从事清洁能源开发利用的公司负责人对期货日报记者说:“天然气产品市场化不强,缺乏一定的市场环境。个人觉得,交易中心运作得一般。至于是否能夺取天然气定价权,还要看以后的发展。”

多年前,就有不少预测机构和石油专家预测,2035年天然气消费量将超过煤炭,成为全球第二大能源。9月18日,中国海洋石油总公司总经理刘健在首届世界油商大会上也重申了此论点,并称石化能源将占据世界能源总供给量的75%以上。但期货日报记者了解到,当前中国的一次能源结构中,煤炭的占比过大,占63%左右,其次为石油,仅占18%,天然气占比仅为6%,与世界平均水平24%还存在很大的差距。

上述参与天然气竞价人士向记者反映:“随着中国在国际油气贸易市场日益活跃,中国在国际油气市场的话语权也应与其相呼应,但目前来说还需一段路程要走。”

6月23日,国家发改委等13部委联合发布《加快推进天然气利用的意见》(下称《意见》)明确提出,要逐步将天然气培育成为我国现代清洁能源体系的主体能源之一,力争到2020年使天然气在一次能源消费结构中的占比达到10%左右,到2030年使天然气在一次能源消费结构中的占比提高到15%左右。

业内人士表示,《意见》的发布提高了各燃气公司及社会资本投资天然气市场的信心,对我国天然气消费市场需求有较大拉动,并将加快我国天然气市场走向成熟。随着《意见》的落实,天然气利用目标将很快实现,天然气产业链的上下游企业将迎来更长效有序的发展。中国作为中长期最大的天然气供应增量主体,具备着陆上跨境油气管道优势,比如中亚管道天然气、中缅管道天然气、中俄管道天然气以及沿海进口液化天然气接收能力的大幅提升等优势。上海石油天然气交易中心和重庆石油天然气交易中心作为两个国家级大宗能源商品交易中心,也被赋予夺取亚洲定价权的重任。

不过,期货日报记者了解到,目前的天然气竞价交易还是以上海石油天然气交易平台为主,重庆石油天然气交易中心应还未正式营业。从重庆石油天然气交易中心公众号上得知,其会员服务内容还未发布,其公众号提供的官方网址也未能打开。截至发稿,其公众号上提供的联系电话也未能打通。

此外,据深圳燃气相关人士透露,深圳市正在筹备建设粤港澳大湾区天然气交易中心。

作为季节性消费的天然气,随着气温渐低,其交易中心的作用开始凸显。期货日报记者了解到,交易中心的出现很好地反映了天然气市场上的供需格局。一位参与竞价交易的上游企业人士告诉期货日报记者:“竞价交易可以及时发现供应紧张的区域和具体客户,从而了解到冬季对天然气到底会有多少新增需求、新增的缺口在哪些位置、新增需求如何定价等问题。”中海气电贸易分公司贸易经理魏琳也表示,对上游企业来说,竞价交易方便资源组织安排,有利于优化资源配置。

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