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芝商所Henry Hub天然气期货影响力攀升

2017-10-12 09:27:54   

芝商所投资教育专栏

随着天然气价格持续徘徊在近10年低位,叠加全球主要经济体对于清洁能源的诉求,天然气能源替代煤炭消费具有明显的效应优势。而页岩气等技术不断进步,天然气供应前景较好,从而为以中国为代表的经济体完成工业化转型之际的环保治理提供了额外的清洁能源基础。

从全球能源市场来看,天然气产业成为近年来的“香饽饽”。面对油价低迷、减排要求以及可再生能源崛起,能源巨头已经纷纷转向天然气,期待这有助于它们在低碳的未来立足。近日,全球能源巨头荷兰皇家壳牌集团正在推动一个耗资140亿美元的项目,这是该集团布局天然气行业的一个序曲,未来25年,其将从海底气井开采天然气,然后转换成超冷液化天然气,运往世界各地。据《华尔街日报》报道,随着数十亿美元投资不断流入世界各地的天然气生产和出口领域,有迹象表明天然气供应已经跟上了需求。

随着天然气产量的大幅增长,叠加天然气价格低、核电不足等因素,今年液化天然气贸易增速破2011年以来最高纪录。根据彭博新能源财经近日发布的研究报告《2017年全球液化天然气展望》,2017年,全球液化天然气进口增速将高达8.8%,或创2011年以来最高纪录。

技术也为天然气产业飞速发展插上了双翼,页岩革命使美国成为全球最庞大、最灵活的天然气市场。在未来几十年,美国天然气产量将每年增长1%至2%,到2020年达到85Bcf/d,到2035年更超过100Bcf/d,之后还会进一步攀升。

此外,其他能源巨头也在大力拓展天然气业务。如荷兰皇家壳牌集团建成全球最大的浮式天然气开采船,雪佛龙在澳大利亚的Wheatstone LNG开发项目将于本月投产,而去年投产的Gorgon项目,合计投资880亿美元,埃克森美孚、英国石油、道达尔和埃尼也投入巨资拓展天然气开采业务。

由于全球气候变暖和其他环境问题,发展清洁能源是全球主要经济体的共同任务。天然气在燃烧发电时产生的二氧化碳是煤炭的一半,氮氧化物和其他危害健康的颗粒物的排放量至少低75%。天然气既环保又高效,是最清洁的传统燃料。鉴于世界各国制订了到2050年,将气温变暖的程度控制在2℃以下的目标,天然气的用途大幅增加。

从供应来看,澳大利亚和美国天然气出口快速增长。《华尔街日报》在9月底报道称,澳大利亚政府决定不再限制液化天然气出口,此前包括荷兰皇家壳牌集团在内的天然气生产商也同意向澳大利亚国内市场投放更多天然气,以缓解能源短缺的状况。

需求方面,IEA估计,到2022年,近90%的全球LNG需求增长将来自新兴市场和前沿经济体。需求增长中的大部分将来自经济大国中国,余下部分将来自较小经济体,在日本、韩国等传统消费国需求增长放缓的情况下,中国等新兴经济体成为接棒天然气消费的新主力。

鉴于未来天然气产销前景广阔,贸易规模将不断扩大,越来越多的出口商等企业需要对天然气敞口进行风险管理。目前,芝商所旗下的NYMEX亨利港(Henry Hub)天然气期货(合约代码:NG)越来越得到市场的认可。芝商所数据显示,在非美国交易时段, Henry Hub天然气期货上半年的成交量较去年同期增长了31%,1—8月,其日均成交量为409539张合约,较2016年同期增长13%,大约80%的Henry Hub天然气清算在芝商所进行,这意味着美国以外的交易商正越来越多地在涉足Henry Hub天然气基准,Henry Hub天然气期货逐渐演变为全球天然气价格的基准。

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