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博时债市观察:定向降准或并非意味货币政策转向

2017-10-12 15:37:53   

9月份之后,国内工业原材料价格出现了持续的下跌,部分品种的跌幅超过20%。央行在节后第一个交易日净回笼1800亿,规模创年内新高,资金面延续节前的紧张状态,并未如预期那般出现明显宽松,再加上股票市场重新回到上涨态势,债券市场表现得不尽如人意,对此,博时基金固定收益总部认为,总体来看,十月债市大概率平稳,以票息为主的策略仍然是占优策略。

定向降准或并非意味货币政策转向

本次定向降准是对2014年降准规则的补充和延续,降准释放的流动性大约在4000亿至5000亿左右的水平,规模低于全面降准水平。定向降准从某种程度上意味着金融监管最严厉的时候或已过去,市场焦点将重回基本面。

另外,降准的实施是在明年一季度末,一方面,是有意促使商业银行在四季度增加对民间部门的信贷投放;另一方面,也可作为对去年TLF的替代,缓解春节期间的基础货币投放压力。但此前制约货币政策松动的PPI增速和金融防风险的逻辑尚未发生变化,且定向降准要到明年才会落地,届时将更多取决于经济基本面的表现。从市场影响看,降准对股市的政策刺激或更为显著。

预计十月份债券市场仍将较为平稳

十月的资金面来看仍可能有缴税因素影响,经济基本面目前公布的经济相关数据显示经济仍然相对较为平稳,因此市场对于四季度经济下滑的预期可能会有所减弱,这对于10月整体的利率走势会形成一定的制约。总体来看,十月债市大概率平稳,以票息为主的策略仍然是占优策略。

实体部门杠杆增速仍在10%-15%之间,而今年金融部门杠杆下降很快,对应着M2增速的下滑,金融去杠杆的进程仍会延续,但去杠杆的力度最强的时期或已经过去。

目前债市对经济下行的观点较为一致,但担忧的是未来金融监管再次从严,如果未来监管强度不会再增加,那市场焦点在未来一到两个季度会重新回到经济基本面,利率下行的方向是相对确定的。

银行与非银间资金成本的价差预计将持续存在

自上而下看,首先,今年资金面整体处于偏紧张状态,超储率持续处于低位;自下而上看,银行对抵押品的要求比较高,融资量比较分散,因而在实际操作中银行在融出资金时给非银的清算成本和操作摩擦成本也会比较高。以上原因都导致了银行和非银间资金价格的价差,这种价差预计未来或将持续存在。

城投债置换急速,估值分化愈发明显

从2016年开始到现在已经有60多只城投债发了赎回公告,但实际完成的案例比较少,目前市场状况看,从确定赎回价格到最终实施有一定时间差,市场波动大的状况下投资者会面临一定的不确定性,因而对价格的博弈难度更大。

考虑到2018年必须完成置换,预计对市场构成一定冲击,目前新老城投债估值已经出现显著分化,纳入政府债务的城投债收益率明显低于2015年后发的新城投债。

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