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新三板股权质押规模创新高 监管效果显现

2017-09-27 07:52:55   

今年以来,新三板市场日均成交额仅为9.37亿元。同时,挂牌企业数量和融资需求急速扩大,而定增融资遇冷。资金紧张的大股东们转而寻求以股权质押方式进行融资。今年以来,新三板共发生3194笔股权质押,创下历史新高。

股权质押市场持续火热的同时,风险提示不断。全国股转系统近日要求挂牌公司自查股权质押、冻结情况。企业股权质押补充披露公告近期扎堆发布,监管效果初步显现。

质押规模两年扩容50倍

根据Choice数据,截至9月26日,今年新三板共发生3194笔股权质押(以公告日期计算),涉及1471家挂牌公司,约占挂牌公司总数的12.7%。按照最新股价计算,新三板市场约有1732亿元股权遭到质押。考虑到持股不足5%的股东股权质押情况无需披露,因此这一数字应该更大。

近年来,新三板股权质押规模逐年攀升。Choice数据显示,2014年至2016年,参与股权质押的公司占挂牌公司总数比例分别为7.44%、8.99%、12.81%。其中,2016年全年1302家挂牌公司进行了3185笔股权质押,质押市值约1336亿元;在2015年,461家挂牌公司共进行1029笔股权质押,涉及股权市值约为427亿元;而2014年全年仅有117家公司发生了235笔股权质押,质押市值只有26.2亿元。短短两年,新三板的股权质押规模扩容超过50倍。

有研究机构指出,股权质押一直是新三板企业融资的重要渠道之一。相对于挂牌企业的规模增速,2015年以来新三板股权质押速度有增无减。结合目前定增降温的情况,挂牌企业质押融资的欲望显著增强。

从出质人情况看,数据显示,在今年以来发生的3194笔股权质押中,有885笔的出质人持股占比超过50%。值得一提的是,此类股权质押时间大部分控制在1年以内。此前有报道称,今年新三板近五成出质人为挂牌公司实际控制人。业内人士指出,大部分挂牌企业大股东参与股权质押,通常希望以短期质押获得融资补充公司流动资金。一般而言质押股份占比不大、质押时间不长。

从质权人类型看,银行一如既往担当大梁,占比超过三分之一。跟随其后的是担保、融资、小额贷款等机构,非银行机构成为新三板股权质押的重要对象。

从质押比例来看,Choice数据显示,截至2017年9月26日,新三板合计未解押股权质押总市值达1518.81亿元,涉及新三板企业2674家。其中,未解押股本占总股本比例超过30%的企业311家,超过50%的104家,高于90%的3家,质押比例最高的武当旅游甚至100%质押公司股本。一般来说,股权质押比例过高的企业一旦股价大幅下跌,大股东首当其冲面临丢失控股权的风险,须及时筹措资金或者追加保证金。

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