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亚行上调今明两年中国经济增长预测

2017-09-27 07:12:53   

亚洲开发银行最新发布的《2017年亚洲发展展望》更新版报告称,由于今年上半年的外部需求强于预期,加上积极的财政政策和强劲的国内消费,该行上调了2017年和2018年中国增长预测值。

亚行将今明两年中国增长预测由4月份的6.5%和6.2%分别调整至6.7%和6.4%。亚行首席经济学家泽田康幸表示,中国经济仍保持弹性,这巩固了其作为全球增长引擎的地位。供给侧改革正在向前推进,但最终的成功取决于中国对市场和国家角色的谨慎平衡,特别是在目前该国不断向更加市场化和更依赖于服务业发展的经济转型之际。

亚行分析称,尽管房地产和金融服务业的增长有所放缓,但得益于强劲的国内消费、出口回升和其他服务业的稳定发展,2017年上半年中国的经济增速达到6.9%,比去年同期高0.2个百分点。2017年上半年中国国内需求增长符合《亚洲发展展望》的预测,工资上涨、养老金增加、政府在卫生和教育方面的支出增加,其中工资和养老金的增长使居民可支配收入增长了7.3%。

报告预测,随着收入的增长和消费者信心的增强,2017年下半年消费仍将是经济增长的主要推动力。到目前为止,净出口对中国的经济增长起到了推动作用,但到2018年,情况会有所不同,预计进口将再次超过出口。与此同时,由于受出口导向型产业的商业前景不明朗以及工业产能过剩等结构性和周期性因素的影响,今明两年投资增速将继续呈下降趋势。报告进一步指出,由于中国在为经济提供充足贷款的同时,也在不断加强监管以降低金融风险,现行的货币政策和财政政策有可能保持不变。政府对汇率自由化的承诺——尤其是在近期外汇市场稳定、国际收支顺差得以保持的情况下——可能导致人民币交易区间进一步扩大。

报告警示风险指出,为了控制债务上升,需要进一步收紧监管,但这可能会导致流动性短缺,并对金融机构构成压力。其他风险包括全球贸易保护主义幽灵的重现,以及美国大幅加息和由此导致的美元走强所引发的新一轮大规模资本外流。

在中国经济前景好转、全球贸易大范围复苏、主要工业经济体稳健扩张的形势下,亚行认为,亚洲大多数发展中国家的增长势头依然强劲,预计今明两年发展中国家的国内生产总值(GDP)增长率分别为5.9%和5.8%。

贸易复苏推动了整个发展中国家的经济增长。2017年前5个月该地区出口产品的美元价值比去年同期激增11%,进口产品的美元价值比去年同期增长17%。出口价值因大宗商品价格下跌和制造商外部需求疲软而连续两年收缩之后,今年重见起色。除中国以外,该地区八大发展中经济体的制造业出口都出现了实质性反弹。

相比之下,东南亚增长势头更加强劲,其产出将从2017年的5%稳步上升至2018年的5.1%,分别高于之前预测的4.8%和5%。新加坡和马来西亚的出口增长将带动该地区增长,但亚行对印度尼西亚和泰国的预测保持不变。

报告预计,2017年和2018年工业经济体的经济增长将达到2%,比2017年4月的预测高0.1个百分点。得益于众多消费者的贡献,美国这个世界第一大经济体保持着良好的增长态势,其经济扩张已经进入第九个年头。由于消费者信心和商业情绪上升,日本的经济增长意外呈上升趋势。报告称,扩张性的财政政策和货币政策、不断消除的政治不确定性和强大的市场信心正在推动欧元区经济回暖。

报告认为,亚太地区面临的风险已变得更加均衡。该地区潜在的上行风险包括美国宽松的财政政策和油价下滑,下行风险则包括全球流动性收紧、地缘政治事件导致的经济干扰以及相关灾害。虽然该地区已做好充分准备迎战美国退出量化宽松政策所带来的潜在风险,但其高负债水平已对地区金融稳定构成风险。由于许多亚洲经济体的长期利率与美国的长期利率紧密挂钩,各国决策者需进一步加强国家财政状况,密切监测债务水平和资产价格。

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