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限制交易能挡住房价上涨吗?

2017-09-26 08:02:54   中国经济网

商品属性的核心在于,有交换才能产生价值,否则就不叫商品。最近,全国各地的房产调控开始升级,大家都不约而同地实施一个新规,就是取得商品房产权以后几年之内都不得交易,石家庄比较夸张,部分房屋取得产权证以后8年不得交易。

从市场交易端进行调控,从理论上讲是行得通的,毕竟炒房就是频繁买卖才可能产生差价,才可能不断推升房价上涨。但是,只在交易端进行限制,效果是不是一定好呢?前面说了,房屋的商品属性就是交换产生价值,限制交换,理论上就是让价值固化,或者随着时间的推移而降低。但是从这么多年调控的实际情况看,交易端的限制其实效果未必会好。这里面,各地不是一刀切地限制交易,而是部分区域,那么其它区域会不会引发新的上涨呢?我们还知道,以前的经济适用房,其实也是有产权过渡期的,那么这样的做法究竟有没有降低房价呢?

从另一个角度看,为产权期限设置锁定期,限制得最多的是二手房交易,对于实际存在的刚需来说,会加速流向开发商的一手新房,这样同样会推升房价,甚至会造成新的抢购潮。其实,这样的情况在不少地方已经出现了,比如成都最近就出现了很多个秒光盘,一开盘就卖光,几千人基本靠抢,不为其它,就是因为不在限购区,而且是限了价的,基本都比周边便宜10%以上,买到就是赚到。产权期设限会让二手房房源减少,但各种各样的需求未必会减少,它们就会向能买得到的资源流动,如果再来个“初衷良好”的限价,那完全就是给投机者钻空子提供千载难逢的机会。

房地产调控的根本,不是要改变商品房的商品属性,而是要降低居高不下的房价。那么,这个房价是怎么构成的呢?老生常谈了,五六成的地价,加上两成多的建安成本,再加上销售成本和开发商利润,房价就是这样起来的。简单地回答这个问题,要降房价很简单,首先是降地价,但土地的资源禀赋功能在短期内无法改变,甚至中长期都无法改变。从全国各地特别是一线中心城市的情况看,地价的下降几乎是不现实的。既然如此,房价要下降,其实是很难的,你就算打八折,把开发商的利润和销售费用都刨除掉,地价的刚性支撑还是存在的。怎么解?农村集体用地?那些地都在什么地方?配套完善不?最终的出售主体是农民集体还是会最终收归政府?大家不要太乐观。

土地价格对房价的刚性支撑存在,购房的刚性需求也存在,这个刚性需求其实都不是居住这么简单。试想在中国经济的所有领域,哪个有房地产市场的杠杆高?我们强调去杠杆,但房地产始终是只听楼梯响不见人下来?不管你三成首付还是五成首付,杠杆是客观存在的,而且由于几十年的累积,这个杠杆链条已经根深蒂固,已经绑架了太多的金融机构,几乎所有银行都将房贷当做优质贷款来做,因为有不动产抵押,而且存量庞大,你怎么去?银行可不可能全面停止并收回开发商贷款?能不能取消购房的按揭改为全部一次性购买?就目前情况看,这是不可能的。况且,即便M2的增速降低了,但存量还是很庞大的,160多万亿,惯性增长的增量怎么去消化?

中国的高房价是多种因素共同造成的,头疼医头脚疼医脚挤牙膏式调控不能解决任何问题。刘柯

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