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国家发改委:滥用PPP将致“财政幻觉”

2017-09-25 07:31:53   中国经济网

在PPP项目如雨后春笋般争相上马的同时,PPP背后存在的各种问题也在不断显现。日前,国家发改委财金司财政处处长关鹏在“2017中国PPP投资论坛”上做主题演讲时表示,过度使用PPP模式会给地方政府带来“财政幻觉”,我国要警惕由此导致的过度投资和盲目投资。对于上述情况,关鹏建议称,我国可以考虑借鉴商业银行的经验,对财政支出压力大的地区财政承受能力开展压力测试。

“今年以来,我国公布新成交的PPP项目交易额已达2.4万亿元”,关鹏表示,近年来,PPP市场持续保持较快增长,不过,我国仍需高度重视PPP项目不规范所带来的风险,而“财政幻觉”正是需要规避的风险之一。

业内人士指出,政府对于PPP项目的长期运营补贴、项目失败后的必要补助等,都属于因PPP而产生的政府债务。在没有使用PPP模式之前,一个项目的支付是直接由地方政府或企业承担,这属于“现付”的刚性约束,地方政府可以更为直观地感受到财政支出的多少,从而量入为出。而PPP模式在一定程度上缓和了地方政府的财政压力,但如果过度签约,就会产生短期内政府有余力支出,但从长远来看其实负荷过重的“财政幻觉”。

而北京商业经济学会常务副会长赖阳则补充称,还有一些地方政府为和企业签约,为企业提供了税费减免、土地出让价格减免等政策,这些优惠政策都会在未来对财政收入造成一定影响。

实际上,去年10月,财政部就颁布《政府和社会资本合作项目财政管理暂行办法》,严令禁止地方政府以PPP项目名义举借政府债务,当时还有媒体报道称,财政部已向各地方下发紧急文件,要求各地统计并上报融资平台公司债务等数据,汇总项目包括了快速增长的PPP项目。对此,有业内人士表示,这也从侧面显示了财政部对PPP增长过快并产生大量隐性债务的担忧。

对于过快推广PPP所带来的债务风险,关鹏建议称,未来我国要进一步明晰财政中长期支出责任与政府债务的关系,加强对PPP等财政支出责任的统计和检测,将包括政府债务和中长期支出责任在内的全部资本性支出统一进行预算管理,我国也可以考虑借鉴商业银行的经验,对财政支出压力大的地区财政承受能力开展压力测试。

除了开展财政压力测试之外,关鹏还进一步建议,我国要加快推进事权与支出责任划分改革,理顺中央与地方收入分配关系,建立健全地方税体系,改变地方事权过多而财权过少的失衡局面。未来,我国应研究构建资本性预算制度及以完善全口径的债务预算为切入点,全面反映政府基本建设支出的规模、结果期限等情况,防控债务风险。探索创新其他合法合规的地方政府建设融资模式。

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