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同业存单“缩量”:净融资负增长 银行负债结构优化

2017-09-24 10:36:51   中国经济网

同业存单迎到期高峰

又到跨季月末,虽然央行加大了公开市场投放力度,但市场资金面仍偏紧,银行间市场利率连续多日上行。这可能与本月同业存单到期量较大有关。

不过,虽然同比来看,同业存单今年的发行规模和存量都仍在上升,但是截至9月20日,同业存单当月的发行总额不及到期偿还额,净融资额为负。而且,同业存单正在由过去的投资工具向补充流动性的工具转变。

多名受访中小银行金融市场部人士向21世纪经济报道记者表示,目前银行发行同业存单的主要动力有别于半年前。半年前银行发行存单主要是为了投资,而现在主要是为了补充流动性。

同业存单市场迎来拐点?

9月同业存单出现了2016年以来的首次净融资额为负的情况。截至9月20日,当月发行总额为2.09万亿元,到期偿还2.33万亿元,净融资额为-2350亿元。

目前来看,9月到期量巨大主要源于6月发行的3个月期存单规模较大;且随着央行及相关监管部门对同业存单加强管理,银行发行同业存单的动力从投资转向流动性管理,同业存单规模基本趋稳,不排除将进一步缩量。

21世纪经济报道记者梳理多维度数据发现,虽然银行业整体同业存单占总负债的比重有所提高,但同业负债占总负债比重正在下降。同业存单正逐渐回归流动性管理工具定位,特别是股份行的相关数据表明,其正率先在结构上获得转型。相对而言,城商行对同业存单的依赖要高于其他类型银行。

9月缘何现负净融资额?

实际上,从发行量的角度来,截至9月20日的当月存单发行规模并不少,且今年整体的月均发行量要比去年多约5000亿元,9月净融资额为负,主要是到期量为史上巨量,超出今年次高8月到期7000多亿元。

有华北某农商行人士向21世纪经济报道记者表示,9月存单到期量为史上最高,期限主要以3个月为主。回溯今年6月发行量超2.4万亿元,确实是史上最高。“银行发行3个月期存单,一方面可获取资金增配合格优质的流动性资产(分子增加),另一方面在季末时3个月期存单尚未纳入未来30天现金流出量(分母不变),有利于银行改善流动性覆盖指标(LCR)。”

本周有市场分析指出,股份行3个月期同业存单价格上涨了约5bp,一级市场询量主要集中在3个月期,其次是6个月期,尤其是3个月AA+评级利率上调至4.5%,股份行3个月期上调至4.4%,个别股份行3个月期募集量直破百亿关口。

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