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易纲:任何金融都要持牌经营 监管会实现全覆盖

2017-09-23 07:11:58   中国经济网

本报北京9月22日讯 记者张末冬报道 数字金融的发展使金融成本大大降低,让普惠金融成为可能。但在这个过程中,一些金融乱象相继产生。9月22日,中国人民银行副行长易纲在2017中国普惠金融国际论坛上表示,普惠金融必须依法合规开展业务,要警惕打着“普惠金融”旗号的违规和欺诈行为,凡是搞金融都要持牌经营,都要纳入监管。

易纲指出,近几年,各种支付、融资手段飞速发展,但是,包括e租宝、泛亚等金融乱象泥沙俱下。对此,普惠金融的一个重要任务,就是对金融消费者的金融普及和风险教育。他强调,“要对全社会更多的老百姓,特别是对一些老年人和信息不太发达地域、信息较闭塞的群体进行普惠金融风险教育。告诉大家要识别什么是风险,什么样的现象可能涉嫌金融欺诈。”

易纲透露,央行正在考虑提出“负责任的金融”理念,也就是让金融消费者获得合适的金融服务,并且承担适当的金融风险。“把信息告诉消费者,要让他们知道他们承担了什么样的风险,要让他们知道他们的金融行为和金融服务的后果。所以在这方面,要进一步加强消费者保护,而不是盲目地扩张金融服务。金融服务并不是越多越好,而是越有效、越精准、越适合消费者的需求越好。”

数据显示,中国目前仍然有上亿人和众多企业得不到任何正规的金融服务,推进普惠金融非常迫切。

易纲指出,普惠金融对宏观经济发展有着重要的意义。一个典型例子是,普惠金融的信贷服务可以为轻资产的行业、小微企业和新兴行业提供贷款与其他金融服务,有效促进经济发展,特别是促进创新。“很多小微企业的创新是通过普惠金融的支持方式来获得融资的,所以这方面也对中国经济的转型升级和动能的提升有着重要的意义。”易纲强调。

另一方面,普惠金融也有利于金融稳定和社会稳定。个体层面,使个体在经济波动时能够平滑消费支出,降低流动性风险,提升财务健康度,提高风险承受能力;行业层面,能够促使金融机构将信贷资产分散到更广泛的客户群,避免集中于少数大客户和重资产的周期性行业,有助于分散经营风险;社会层面,帮助弱势群体摆脱贫困,缩小贫富差距,避免马太效应,培育中产阶级,提升社会平等和稳定,孕育稳定的金融体系。

此外,易纲还提到,数字技术的发展带来金融科技,特别是数字普惠金融的突飞猛进。大数据技术的应用,降低了金融服务的获客成本,也使得一些传统金融机构担心金融中介的作用会因此降低。然而这并不意味着能够完全舍弃“软信息”。例如信贷员在作出决策前既要分析客户的纸面数据,也需要日常与客户及其关联方直接开展沟通来作出判断。美国一项研究表明,银行在关闭网点后,会逐渐失去网点周边客户的“软信息”,对其信贷决策产生了不利影响。所以,金融中介的传统优势,在以间接融资为主的中国仍然非常明显。

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