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美联储10月启动缩表 年内有望再加息

2017-09-22 07:32:25   中国经济网

每经记者 郑步春 每经编辑 毕陆名

北京时间周四,美联储与日本央行先后结束了利率会议,双双宣布维持利率不变。美联储宣布10月起开始缩表,日本央行则维持量宽政策不变。略有些出人意料的是美联储维持年内再加息一次预期,日本央行则有一名鸽派委员投反对票。

美联储态度偏鹰

隔夜美联储结束为期两天利率会议,并宣布维持基准利率于1.00%~1.25%不变,符合绝大多数人预期。美联储此次会议还宣布自10月起缩表,初始阶段会减少到期债券再投资,额度为100亿美元。这次利率会议后半小时美联储召开了新闻发布会,美联储主席耶伦在会上讲话与政策声明没有太多出入。

美联储资产负债表已膨胀至4.5万亿美元,现在开始打算着手缩减了。由初始阶段看,为不刺激市场,美联储只是表个姿态,象征性地将到期再投资的公债稍微削减一些,然后看市场反应。若市场平静,利率市场波动有限,股市稳定,那么就可慢慢加码缩表力度,初步打算是几年后缩表1万亿美元。

在未来利率方面,美联储称年内仍有可能加息一次。这条消息偏鹰无疑,之前市场因低通胀而对美联储年内还有无最后一次加息分歧相当严重。美联储会议除预期年内有一次加息外,还预期2018年加息三次,2019年加息两次,2020年加息一次。就长远中性利率方面,美联储这次预期未来将加息至2.75%。这几年美联储利率会议实际上是不断调降中长远利率展望的,几年前高达4%左右,到最近已降至3.00%,而这次又续降到2.75%。

上述结果整体上仍偏鹰,故周三美元指数涨0.67%至92.439点,周四19:12暂续涨至92.530点。

谨慎做多美元

美元虽涨,但幅度不能算特别大,这可能与美联储将未来几年利率顶端预期由3.00%下调至2.75%相关,这通常暗示美联储对长远经济情况并不敢太过看好。

其他削弱美元因素就是美联储释出信息本身就有些矛盾,如果美联储打算12月加息,那么今年底美国基准利率就会升至1.50%了。美联储预期其后三年累计加息六次,届时利率会升到3.00%,这与美联储预期的中长远2.75%的利率不符。美联储年内最终不加息的机会仍然是存在的,且不能算太小。美联储可能只是有些加息倾向,但还想看未来几月经济形势,特别是通胀方面情况,之后才能决定12月是否加息。

美联储会议消息全部消化完后,市场认为12月加息概率是70%左右,会议前是50%左右。美联储历史上从不在市场所认为的加息概率低于60%时加息,目前的加息概率虽已达70%,但仍较脆弱,只需几个重磅数据利空就足以压到60%以下。

因会议整体态度仍然偏鹰,投资者做多美元自然是没错的,但性质上只应是属于“试探性的”,毕竟加息仍有相当大的变数。基于上述思路,投资者未来可做多美元应有个原则,这就是逢回档时才低吸,不宜追高。

日元走势暂弱

在美联储会议结束后,日本央行结束了为期两天的利率会议。日本央行宣布维持基准利率不变,并宣布维持每年80万亿日元的资产购买计划不变,这些均符合预期。日本央行在政策声明中表示,日本经济“具备从收入到支出的良性循环”;日本CPI将暂于0.5%上下波动,明年或达2%;公共投资有所增长;上调对公共投资的评估。

虽然日本央行政策及声明大致上符合市场预期,但由于鸽派委员投了反对票,所以这次会议对日元是稍有些利空的。最近美元兑日元一直在上涨,周四受上述利空消息影响又续涨0.32%至112.53。

操作方面,考虑到地缘政治紧张已无法提振日元,再考虑到美联储缩表及年内可能的加息,投资者未来可能暂宜继续看空并做空日元。

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