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严查消费贷等违规“上楼” 房地产调控政策不会放松

2017-09-21 07:22:14   中国经济网

阎 岳

最近,消费贷等资金违规进入楼市成为各界关注的焦点。目前已有四地陆续表示要严查违规资金进入房地产市场的情况。

9月初,北京银监局、央行营业管理部、北京市住建委等部门发布通知,要求银行业金融机构针对个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款开展自查工作,重点检查“房抵贷”等资金违规流入房地产市场情况。江苏、深圳随后也加入了这一行列。

9月16日,易居房地产研究院发布的《全国居民短期消费贷款流入楼市现象研究》报告显示,2017年3月份以来,短期消费贷款同比走势大幅攀升,明显偏离稳中有升的零售额同比,预计新增异常短期消费贷款金额中至少有3000亿元流向楼市,约占新增短期消费贷款总额的30%。其中,九成流向粤闽苏沪川冀。

该报告的结论在一定程度上印证了北京等地严查个人消费贷款等资金的去向是有的放矢的举措。

9月20日,广州发出的《加强个人消费贷管理、防范信贷资金违规流入房地产市场的通知》在市场上流传开来。该文件明确规定,原则上将不发放超过100万元或期限超过10年的个人综合消费贷款。至此,已有四地明确表示,将严查消费贷等资金流入房地产。

那么,消费贷究竟是怎样的一项业务呢?个人消费信贷是指银行或其他金融机构采取信用、抵押、质押担保或保证方式,以商品型货币形式向个人消费者提供的信用。顾名思义,消费贷的主要用途就是用于居民的短期消费,而央行按期公布的住户部门短期贷款中的大部分就应该属于消费贷或经营贷的范围。笔者曾经就消费贷向一家股份制商业银行进行过咨询,该行明确表示,消费贷的用途只能用于个人消费,购房等是不允许的。

目前,在各地推出的房地产调控措施中限贷是核心手段之一。央行今年8月初发布的《中国区域金融运行报告(2017)》为房地产划出了清晰的金融政策底线:加强住房金融宏观审慎管理,继续做好房地产金融调控,在支持居民合理自住购房同时,严格限制信贷流向投资投机性购房。报告同时强调要继续强化“因城施策”的调控政策,并预判全国房地产市场可能呈现“成交回落、价格平稳略降”发展态势。

在去年年末,央行即判断新增房贷会逐渐回落。事实上,新增房贷从今年3月份以后就已逐渐明显回落。今年2月份-4月份,以北京为首的各地陆续出台密集的调控措施,新增房贷明显下降;5月份-8月份,新增房贷继续下降,保持在略高于2016年一季度的水平。

事实证明,限贷确实捏住了炒房者的“七寸”,于是购房者转战个人消费贷款等领域,导致了住户部门新增短期贷款出现明显异动。笔者查了一下央行公布的数据:去年上半年,住户部门贷款增加2.95万亿元,其中,短期贷款增加3260亿元,今年同期,住户部门贷款增加3.77万亿元,其中,短期贷款增加9527亿元,同比增加了6267亿元。今年7月份,住户部门短期贷款增加1071亿元,8月份迅速升至2165亿元。

今年3月份以来,短期消费贷款同比走势大幅攀升,明显偏离稳中有升的零售额同比,说明新增加的这部分贷款的确没有流入社会零售品消费,其违规进入楼市并非空穴来风。在租赁住房市场尚未被普遍接受的当下,购房仍是居民的重要选项。在限贷政策的严格执行下,在利益的驱使下,消费贷等资金违规进入楼市就是各部门必须要堵住的漏洞之一。

各界一个普遍的认识是,上述四地以及可能随后跟进的其他地区严查资金违规流入房地产市场的信号很明显,就是“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”理念会一以贯之,现行房地产调控政策不会松动且有进一步细化和查缺补漏的需要。

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