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纺织企业如何进行期货套保
2017-09-20 09:42:25 中国经济网
在期现市场同时建立数量相等、方向相反的头寸
当前我国纺织企业已经进入充分竞争的市场经济阶段,行业进入门槛较低,企业家数较多,纺织技术壁垒不高,企业竞争难度增大。从组织结构形态看,既有国企也有外企,还有民企。从资源配置方式看,资金、技术、原料、产品、人力、培训相对公平,企业围绕成本、技术、销售、管理的竞争日趋激烈。其中,对原料、产成品库存和价格的经营与细节管理,成为提高企业经营管理水平,增强企业内在核心竞争力的重要一环。
套保概念
国内称“套保”,国际称“hedge”,意即对冲,来源于大名鼎鼎的经济学家凯恩斯。传统套期保值理论的动机在于转移现货经营中的价格风险,目标在于保证经营利润的稳定性。
套保操作流程为:在期货市场和现货市场同时建立数量相等、方向相反的头寸,以期以一个市场的盈利弥补另一个市场的亏损,也就是套保的四项基本原则:品种相同,数量相等,方向相反,时间相近。
套保分析
1.风险敞口分析
从企业的经营属性判断敞口性质:一是生产型企业。采购原料加工生产,主要担心产品价格下跌,多数属于单敞口中的上游闭口、下游敞口型。比如棉纺织厂担心原料棉花涨价,影响纺织生产利润等。二是贸易型企业。如棉花加工厂或棉花、棉纱贸易商,既担心原料涨价,又担心原料跌价。三是消费型企业。终端产品价格一般固定,主要担心上游原料涨,比如织布厂等。四是全产业链型企业集团。风险出在全链条的可能性不大,主要担心链条上某个时间段、某个环节是否存在风险尚未覆盖的风险点。
2.风险敞口的度量
实施套保前,要仔细分析风险源在利润影响中的占比,占比不大无需分析,也无需实施套保避险。如果风险源在利润构成中占比较大,影响幅度较大,则企业必须加以重视,遵循套期保值的基本要则,实施相应的避险措施。
对冲比率的确定:①最小方差对冲比率:
套保操作
1.棉花买套保
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