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假消费真买房 首付贷屡禁不止

2017-09-18 07:26:38   中国经济网

近日,一份来自深圳银行的“关于落实人民银行《金融风险提示》的通知”显示,除个人住房贷款、汽车贷款、助学贷款以外的其他个人消费类贷款(包括房商通、抵质押额度贷款等),贷款期限最长不超过5年,不得以未解除抵押的房产做抵押(二次抵押)发放个人消费贷款。

苏宁金融研究院互联网金融中心主任薛洪言认为,对于大额贷款而言,贷款期限的压缩会大幅提升借款人的还款现金流要求,通常远超一般人的月收入金额,反过来也会制约借款人进行大额贷款的积极性。举例来讲,不考虑利息的情况下,200万的贷款,20年还清,平均每个月偿还本金约8300元,大多数人都可负担;但若压降至5年还清,平均每个月偿还本金3.3万元,便远远超出了大多数人月度可支配收入水平。因此,通过对贷款期限的限制,可以规避大部分消费贷变房贷的违规现象。

9月初,北京银监局、人民银行营业管理部联合印发通知,要求银行业金融机构针对个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款开展自查工作,重点检查“房抵贷”等资金违规流入房地产市场的情况。北京市住建委同时发文,要求经纪机构开展违规行为自查,内容就包括“单笔贷款金额20万元以上的个人消费贷款”。随后,深圳、江苏也传出严查个人消费贷款流入房地产市场的消息,并最终被证实。

消费贷,主要指用于留学贷款、房屋装修、购买耐用品乃至买车等方面的个人贷款。据了解,目前多地存在消费贷暗中流向房地产的现象,Wind数据显示,2017年1-7月,居民新增消费性短期贷款达1.06万亿,同比多增7137亿,并已远超去年全年8305亿的水平。但这部分消费贷中有多少进入了房地产,目前尚难估算。

对于“假消费,真买房”的现象,开鑫金服总经理周治翰说,一般炒房客会将自有房产进行抵押,获取消费贷款资金投资房产,通过反复抵押的方式实现加杠杆投资。目前,监管可以通过要求贷款银行等金融机构加强对个人经营性贷款和个人消费贷款开展检查方式,摸清是否有消费贷资金违规流入房地产市场的情况。

不过,当前金融机构监控资金流向,只能做到一层的账户监控,缺乏穿透式监控手段。“举例来说,正规金融机构的大额(超过30万以上)个贷是需要审核资金用途的,借款人可以选择与专门的中介机构合作,虚构消费用途,银行受托支付将资金转至中介机构账户,中介机构在收取手续费后把钱转到借款人账户,之后的资金用途便不可控了。”薛洪言说。

事实上,虽然监管已严格限制首付贷,但首付贷仍屡禁不止。周治翰称,一方面,随着房贷政策收紧,购房首付和房贷利率都在上升,导致这部分需求也在增大;另一方面,由于首付贷主要通过房产中介、网贷平台等渠道进入市场,相对隐蔽,监管起来难度也大。杜绝首付贷需要拧紧资金借贷的“水龙头”,如果对个人消费借贷额度不加限制,那么首付贷现象还有存在空间。

“站在金融机构的角度,与房贷相关的资产一直都是典型的优质资产,低风险、高收益;站在借款人角度,随着房价的节节攀升,其涨幅远超工资收入,消费者有着很强烈的提前买房、锁定购房成本的冲动,首付贷也就成了一个重要的选择。有需求也有供给,屡禁不止也就不难理解了。”薛洪言坦言。

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