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央行行长助理刘国强:凡是搞金融都要持牌经营、纳入监管

2017-09-16 10:56:43   新华网

央行行长助理刘国强15日在“2017金融街论坛”上指出,金融服务实体经济既要善于“做加法”,也要勇于“做减法”。“做减法”方面,要把金融乱象减下来,凡是搞金融,都要持牌经营、纳入监管、立足于服务实体经济。与此同时,隐性的地方政府债务必须减下来,对僵尸企业的支持必须减下来,对房地产的炒作必须减下来。

在“做加法”方面,刘国强表示,“做加法”是经济下行后的本能想法,具有客观必要性,但是要做好并不容易,这几年我国探索了一些办法。

例如,在推进重大项目建设方面,加大财政、金融政策的配合,推动政府和民间合作搞建设,形成了PPP机制。在积极探索普惠金融方面,我国创造了大量金融工具。在间接融资方面,完善担保体系、创新抵押物,推动信用体系建设,包括两权抵押、专利权抵押、供应链融资、扶贫再贷款等;在直接融资方面,开发了绿色债券、双创票据、扶贫票据、资产证券化产品等,发挥了重要的作用。

“初步核算,2015年到今年上半年,非金融企业债务融资工具为企业节省资金成本2000亿元。这些‘加法’措施在目前都是很有针对性的,在未来也必须坚持优化。”刘国强称。

“做减法”方面,刘国强指出,其一要把杠杆率减下来,这是服务实体经济的关键举措。因为在高杠杆的情况下,资产价格必然膨胀,这就导致了一方面会把资产从实体经济中吸引出来,另一方面也会提高实体经济的经营成本,例如有些经营良好的企业因为某地房价大幅上涨被迫迁走。因此,必须要坚持稳健中性的货币政策,使杠杆率有序降下来,这是服务实体经济最重要的环节。

其二,要把金融乱象减下来。非法集资、乱加杠杆、乱做表外业务、违法违规套利等不但直接增加了金融风险,而且都是金融脱实向虚的途径,把这些减掉,自然就会有相当部分资金回归实体经济。

“金融创新是大势所趋,但也不能偏离实体经济的需要,必须认识到金融业的外部性和公共性非其他行业可比。”刘国强强调,因此凡是搞金融都要持牌经营,都要纳入监管,都要立足于服务实体经济。

其三,要把不符合供给侧结构性改革要求的资金减下来。金融服务实体经济不是“来者不拒”,不能成为帮助落后产能脱困的借口,甚至成为给僵尸企业“打点滴”的手段。金融服务的对象必须要符合供给侧结构性改革的要求,对僵尸企业的支持必须减下来,对隐性的地方政府债务必须减下来,对房地产炒作必须减下来,这样才能腾出资源,服务于符合供给侧结构性改革要求的实体经济,才能培育出新的结构、新的动力。

刘国强表示,在其他一些领域也可以用“做加法”和“做减法”的思路去推动,比如要强调监管统筹,把同一件事情多头监管的现象减下来。⊙记者 李丹丹 ○编辑 弘文

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