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“热钱”持续流入 布局航空股正当时

2017-09-11 08:37:41   新华网

上周五,美元对人民币在岸汇率继续下跌,突破6.5关口。数据显示,A股国际化的配置力度边际增强,2017年第二季度热钱流入额为7344亿元,达到三年来高点。投资者需要重视“A股纳入MSCI推动北上资金流入,北上资金流入助力人民币升值,人民币汇率大涨推动的热钱流入”的边际变化趋势。我们建议投资者要重视热钱的边际力量。

汇率支撑下热钱流入有望增加。从理论上看,热钱与汇率成正向关系,当人民币升值时热钱流入,人民币贬值时热钱流出。从汇率角度看,我们认为汇率短期仍有支撑,理由有三:第一,中国与美国经济政治相对关系反转,中欧经济预期上调,相反美国经济不及预期,叠加特朗普医改再遭拒绝、社会各界知名人士呛声特朗普、多位官员和商界领袖辞去白宫相关的职务、解散制造业委员会和战略与政策委员会等事件,美国政治风险仍是美元下行的主导因素。第二,美国非农就业数据不及预期,加息概率逐步降低。第三,伴随全国金融工作会议提出“稳步实现资本项目可兑换”,我国国际收支平衡表进一步优化,金融账户的大幅逆差开始修正,人民币汇率得到支撑。

投资关注市场增量资金。2017年上半年,A股主导的增量资金是国内机构资金,下半年建议关注国际资金力量对A股的影响。我们发现,热钱这类“聪明的钱”是蓝筹价值的忠实粉丝。单单考察境外投资机构(QFII)的持仓变化,我们发现,海外资金偏好食品饮料、银行、家电等业绩稳定性高的行业。如果考察热钱整体情况,结论也是一致的:在风格方面,当热钱流入时低市盈率股票相对于高市盈率股票表现更佳;在结构方面,当热钱流入时消费股票相对周期股票表现更好。总结来看,来自海外的“聪明的钱”的表面是对低市盈率、消费的追求,本质上是对蓝筹股、价值股的追求。

当前国内外环境向人民币倾斜,奠定人民币汇率强势基础,短期热钱流入带来的边际力量不容小觑,其背后的配置偏好是消费第二波发力的重要驱动力之一。在“衣、食、住、行”这些消费领域,其中,我们重点关注人民币升值给航空板块“行”消费带来的边际思维变化。

当前市场的投资主线在业绩增长、盈利改善,航空业在第三季度、第四季度将显著释放业绩弹性,预计未来三个季度主业利润增速将逐季加速,下半年盈利将创新高。今年机构增量资金主导的市场风格是找业绩估值匹配,找切切实实地盈利改善与业绩提速。不论是今年的宏观经济,还是周期品领域,都存在着一些共同特征,就是供需缺口由过剩走向再平衡、甚至走向紧缺,使得价格弹性快速提升,脱离通缩,甚至走向量价齐升,盈利显著提高。一旦上述逻辑成立或者证明极有可能成立,在今年的市场里会获得特别的认可,而航空行业股极可能存在类似的特征。

人民币升值超预期催化航空板块投资机会,当前航空板块的外生变量带来的投资风险明显改善,甚至转为收益。相比其他许多行业板块,航空投资向来是难度非常大的。一个重要的原因在于例如油价、外汇等外生变量的判断难度极高,增加了航空板块的业绩风险。而对于当前时点,原油价格徘徊在50附近较难看到短期上行风险,而这轮人民币升值很可能是超越了绝大部分人的预期。外生变量的改善极有可能成为航空板块择时层面的催化。

既然当前增量资金是以机构资金为主导,从博弈的角度思考,航空板块博弈的性价比在上升。随着四季度到来,机构投资者们相对收益考核机制本身也会鼓励投资者做弯道超车,用新的投资结构致胜。而航空板块无论是相比之资源、金融、还是其他消费,前期关注度都显著偏低,而恰恰航空通过贡献十足的业绩弹性带来股价的弹性。

(林隆鹏 江韶军 作者单位:国泰君安)

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