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科大讯飞估值“论战”

2017-09-08 21:26:47   中国经济网

记者 王东岳/文

近期,头顶“AI龙头”光环的科大讯飞(002230.SZ)因一篇分析文章卷入舆论风波。有学者质疑,科大讯飞业绩增长虽快但含金量不高,公司盈利状况难以撑起千亿市值。公司随即回应,“亚马逊亏损20年,估值却达4800亿”。

现金与利润、当下与未来,自证券市场开市以来,投资的道路上总是争论不断,分歧固然是促成交易的要素之一,但更值得关注的是,参与者该如何在争论中反思机会?

盈利质量遭“质疑”

自2008年上市以来,科大讯飞业绩表现喜人,公司10年营收年化复合增长率约为36.19%,净利润年化复合增长率约为27.86%。

2016年,科大讯飞实现营业收入33.2亿元,同比增长32.78%,较上市前的2.06亿元增长15.11倍;实现净利润4.84亿元,同比增长13.79%,较2007年的5350万元增长9.13倍。

进入2017年,人工智能概念持续火爆,科大讯飞成为各路机构追捧的对象。

6月份,科大讯飞股价开启狂飙模式,自29.79元/股一路飙升至57.9元/股,三个月累计涨幅94.36%,公司市值亦由413.78亿元升至804.23亿元。

但市值飞速膨胀之际,质疑接踵而至。8月29日,长江商学院会计学教授薛云奎公开撰文质疑科大讯飞盈利质量,“科大讯飞是2017年表现最抢眼的一家高科技概念公司,但公司光鲜的增长背后隐含巨大的风险。”

薛云奎指出,近年来,科大讯飞外延扩张频繁,而内生增长不足;公司利润增速低于营收且应收款项增长过快,公司盈利“含金量”偏低。

根据Wind数据统计,自2012年以来,科大讯飞前后耗资13.31亿元并购五家公司,行业涵盖造纸、教育、旅游,跨度颇大。

2016年,科大讯飞实现净利润4.84亿元,但经营活动产生的现金流量净额为2.99亿元,同比下滑41.95%,占净利润比重亦下滑至61.78%。存货和应收款项增长过快是导致公司现金流入减少的主要原因,2016年,其应收账款同比增长25.76%、存货同比增长93.18%。

除此之外,频繁融资成为科大讯飞受人诟病的另一诱因。

上市至今,科大讯飞已累计募资52.07亿元。其中,公司首发上市募集资金3.14亿元,自2011年起的五次定向增发募集资金48.93亿元。2016年年底,科大讯飞短期借款3.06亿元、长期借款3.71亿元。

或是受募资影响,科大讯飞资产规模呈现出几何式增长,由上市之初的2.7亿元增至2016年的104.14亿元,其中包括应收账款17.98亿元、固定资产10.59亿元、无形资产10.71亿元、商誉11.26亿元以及存货6.04亿元。

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