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资金面压力大 短期抑制期债走势

2017-09-08 09:01:47   中国经济网

同业存单到期高峰来临

8月以来,市场资金面较前期收紧,银行间回购利率有所上升,期债市场呈现振荡偏弱走势。短期来看,在基本面、资金面和监管三个影响因素中,9月期债市场的主要矛盾依然集中在流动性上。其中,经济虽存下行压力,但目前工业经济整体需求尚可,短期仍有支撑。金融监管升级及经济去杠杆仍将持续,但目前金融市场维稳需求提升,更加重视预期管理,对市场的扰动有望缓解。9月资金面扰动不断,将受到财政投放力度减弱、MPA考核及天量同业存单到期等因素扰动,本文将对以上因素进行分析,以期对9月流动性有所前瞻,对期债走势提供一定参考。

9月财政投放力度弱于一、二季度季末,但整体仍高于历史同期水平。我国财政存款投放有较强规律性,每年的3月、6月、9月和12月均为财政性存款投放月。今年财政性存款投放量大幅提前,3月、6月投放力度远超于过去5年均值水平,分别为7670亿元(过去5年同期均值3301亿元)、6165亿元(过去5年均值1721亿元)。整体来看,今年上半年公共预算支出力度较快,但是政府性基金预算支出力度较慢,并出现了盈余。因此,预计下半年财政存款投放力度将有所减弱,但不至于太低,9月财政性存款投放仍将高于过去5年同期均值3374亿元,用以补充部分流动性。

9月是同业存单到期高峰,对资金面造成扰动。根据wind统计,9月同业存单到期总额高达2.3万亿元,达到历史最高水平。同业存单以3个月和6个月期限为主,今年3月、6月为应对MPA大考,同业存单发行量较大。

在银行同业存单发行需求旺盛,银行流动性高度依靠同业存单持续滚动发行的情况下,监管层从供需两端限制同业存单的发行,8月同业存单连续三周出现了负的净融资,将导致后期同业存单利率易上难下。9月前三周存单到期量较大,对上半月资金利率价格形成一定压力,需依赖央行在公开市场操作上对流动性呵护,关注银行负债端借新还旧对资金面带来的冲击和对期债配置的挤出作用。央行在《二季度中国货币政策执行报告》中指出,拟于2018年一季度起,将一年期以内的同业存单纳入MPA考核。目前距离正式考核还有较长缓冲期,部分资金仍有较大可能继续配置存单,减缓存单到期的扰动,无需过分担心。

央行9月外汇占款有望转正,但大幅增长的可能性较低,对流动性补充有限。在外汇占款方面,目前人民币汇率持续走强,外汇占款流出持续收窄,目前已收窄至零附近,不排除9月外汇占款小幅转正的可能。但整体量级较小,短期来看不会对资金面产生实质影响。长期看较为乐观,年内经济维持较好增长,人民币汇率稳步升值,央行外汇占款出现一定幅度改善,将会在一定程度上补充流动性。

公开市场操作方面,9月到期资金量不算大,合计约7930亿元,主要集中于上旬。其中MLF到期2830亿元,分别于7日、16日到期1695亿元和1135亿元,央行续作的可能性较大。

从资金面考虑,9月资金到期主要集中于上中旬,银行提前备付资金应对MPA大考,资金面压力短期抑制期债走势。步入下旬后,季末财政投放力度加大,资金面压力或将缓解,在这种预期差作用下,将带来期债的修复性机会。

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