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项目井喷乱象暗生监管趋严 解码PPP

2017-09-07 08:07:29   中国经济网

今年上半年PPP落地率显著提高。财政部PPP中心数据显示,截至今年6月末,PPP项目落地495个、投资额1.24万亿元,落地率达到71%。同时,下半年PPP的发展速度有望进一步加快。国家发改委8月16日公布的下半年工作重点中提到,下半年发改委将推动各地运用多种PPP运作模式,盘活存量资产,形成投资良性循环。多管齐下加大PPP项目推动力度,促进民间资本参与PPP项目。研究出台进一步激发民间有效投资活力的政策,促进经济持续健康发展。

乱象暴露引发监管趋严

在PPP行业火爆的背后,一些地方政府不规范的乱象也不断暴露,引起了相关主管部门的重视。8月1日,财政部网站发布了财政部PPP工作领导小组组长、副部长史耀斌在进一步推进PPP规范发展工作座谈会上的讲话。史耀斌认为,目前,一些地方政府通过PPP、政府购买服务等方式,变相举借债务,导致债务规模增长较快,债务率甚至超过了警戒线,形成潜在的风险触发点。为此,要把防风险放在更加重要的位置上,防控地方政府债务过快上升,坚守不发生系统性风险的底线。

E20研究院执行院长、国家发改委和财政部PPP“双库”专家薛涛表示,PPP一个新出现的突出问题是,政府要求PPP项目支出不超过每年政府预算支出总额的10%,但存在少数地方政府财评不规范,有借弯道突破10%红线的迹象,带来未来的政府负债风险。

他介绍,虽然财金90号文,即《财政部关于在公共服务领域深入推进政府和社会资本合作工作的通知》开了个口子,即“对于政府性基金预算,可在符合政策方向和相关规定的前提下,统筹用于支持PPP项目”,然而政府性基金以收定支专款专用的规定非常严谨。

“有些地方PPP项目已面临10%红线被突破的风险,开始出现在财政承受能力论证中,将PPP项目下部分支付责任简单粗暴地直接挪入政府性基金的行为。即便是一些区域开发类PPP项目的财政承受能力论证中,这样的使用也需要有项目与土地的高度相关性和严格的程序。如果简单将大部分政府支出责任设置为通过政府性基金予以支付,由此降低在一般预算支出中的占比。政府性基金没有10%的红线限制,将导致项目杠杆率很高,放大债务风险。”薛涛说,“这个风险刚刚出现,政府需要高度重视,否则可能导致PPP泡沫化的现象。”

他举例称,以西部某县为例,在落地一个10亿元投资体量的PPP项目之后,当地随后推出一个50亿元规模的新城基础设施PPP项目,根据财政承受能力初始论证测算,两个PPP项目政府支出责任占比高出“10%”底线三四个百分点。对此,中国国际工程咨询公司研究中心主任李开孟表示,地方有多种方式突破10%的红线。10%的规定是针对每年公共预算支出,而非收入。这就导致会出现一种现象,就是发达地区本来最有能力做PPP项目,但现在PPP最热的是西部地区。

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