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成本抬升助推棉纱价格走强

2017-09-06 10:41:56   中国经济网

棉价重心上移

棉纱期货自8月18日上市以来,整体走势较为平稳,围绕23000元/吨一线窄幅振荡。9月4日,郑棉期货一改之前盘整走势大幅上行,进而带动棉纱期货价格走强。

棉纱价格主要受棉价影响

棉纱成本构成中,主要包括原料、机器折旧、水电、人工、财务、包装、运费仓储等费用。实际加工生产中,由于不同企业在设备投入、管理水平、产能利用和资金成本等方面存在差异,加工费差异也较大,在3000—8000元/吨不等。目前市场普通接受和采用的吨加工费用为5500元(包括机器折旧、水电、人工、财务等)。以上市交割基准品普梳32支纯棉纱为例折算成本,棉花价格取16000元/吨,梳棉率(或损耗系数)为1.1,棉纱成本=16000×1.1+5500=23100(元/吨)。棉纱成本构成里,棉花占七成左右,这也是行业比较认可的一个数据。

棉纱加工费用相对固定,而棉花占据其成本七成左右,棉价对纱价的影响毋庸置疑。棉花期货2004年上市,得到了市场的广泛认可,在全球棉花定价市场也具有重要的话语权。从这个角度而言,棉纱价格将在很长一段时间内看棉花的脸色。所以,分析纱价未来价格走向,重点在于对棉价后市的判断。

原料成本重心将上移

尽管今年全球棉花增产已成定局,但我们看到,美棉指数从高点81美分/磅跌至66美分/磅一线,利空因素得到有效释放。USDA8月发布的全球棉花供需报告中,尽管利空超出市场预期,但美棉仍然在66美分/磅上方止跌回稳。而实际上,我们看到美棉本年度出口销售进度大大超过以往年份,这在后期将支撑棉价。

国内来看,中国棉花库存消费比本年度为129%,下年度降为102%,库存消化速度依然较快,这从储备轮出超预期也可以得到印证。2016/2017年度郑棉主要运行区间在15000—17000元/吨,在下年度国内棉花库存消化比下降的情况下,棉价重心将上移,尤其在新年度棉花价格运行在15000元/吨附近时,价格将受到较强的支撑。

内外棉纱价差收窄

当前,中国棉纱已经由一支独大的时代演变成中国、印度、巴基斯坦和越南相互竞争的局面。因此,我们在关注国内棉纱市场的同时,不能忽视其他几个主要竞争对手的棉纱产业状况。以2017年1月为分界点,之前的棉纱价格内高外低,国内棉纱市场被挤占;而此后价差慢慢逆转,国内棉纱性价比优势再次显现,并夺回失去的部分市场份额。目前内外纱价差继续收敛,国内价格优势正在被慢慢抹平,纱价反弹面临压力。

交割制度较为严格

首先,目前确定的35家棉纱交割厂库生产普梳32支纱的数量有限,而转产会增加成本,且后市不确定性较强,如果期价未给出足够的生产利润,企业生成仓单的意愿并不强。其次,虽然允许标准交割品之外的棉纱交割,且可以自报升贴水,但买方若无响应,卖方则必须交割普梳32支纯棉纱,这对于卖方极为不利。最后,棉纱现货企业反映,目前棉纱异纤的贴水较大,过于严苛,这将影响企业交割的积极性。

综上所述,棉花占据棉纱成本七成左右,对纱价后市有重要影响。长周期来看,棉价已有效释放增产利空,后续将受到库存下降和消费拉动的支撑。棉纱期货上市不久,交割制度较为严格,卖方交割有风险。操作上建议回调买入为主,实体企业可以考虑买棉花抛棉纱,并积极做好交割准备。

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