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玉米淀粉 中期维持弱势

2017-09-06 10:41:52   中国经济网

近期,国家环保部通知,将针对大气污染传输通道的“2+26”个城市派出环保巡查工作组,市场再度担忧玉米淀粉行业开机率继续受到影响,本周初玉米淀粉增仓上行,并带动玉米减仓反弹。但短期反弹或难以持续,后期市场主导因素将转向玉米新作供应压力增加和玉米淀粉供需改善预期上。因此,建议逢高做空玉米或玉米淀粉1801合约,或做空玉米淀粉与玉米价差。

新作上市,玉米难有乐观预期

市场即将进入新的作物年度,新作上市压力将逐步显现。

在实际需求层面,主要流向地区包括华北地区和南方销区,考虑到华北地区新作玉米上市以来,现货价格持续小幅下跌,目前多数地区已经跌破1800元/吨,而目前1801合约对应吉林长春地区玉米现货价格大致在1550元/吨,这个价差意味着东北地区玉米很难流入华北地区。而南方销区8月30日美玉米11月船期进口到港成本为1580元/吨,与目前1801合约期价对应的南方港口玉米现货价格1800元/吨相比,有超过200元/吨的进口利润,这意味着南方销区更可能选择进口饲用替代品。

在补库需求层面,主要考虑东北产区和南北方港口贸易商,特别是对于远期补库而言,其将面临5月之后临储抛储玉米的竞争。因此,可以比较库存成本与临储抛储价预期。一方面,参考目前1801合约与1805合约价差推算出潜在的1809合约期价水平;另一方面,考虑到1809合约期价主要反映明年临储拍卖成交后的注册仓单成本,可以计算出相应的抛储价水平。据测算,目前1801合约期价所反映的潜在抛储底价在1550元/吨左右,大幅高于今年临储拍卖底价。考虑到明年抛储压力大于今年,故这一预期偏乐观。

新建产能逐步投放

8月,由于东北地区深加工企业停机检修和华北地区因环保检查而停产限产,预计玉米淀粉行业开机率持续下滑。目前,行业库存持续下降,导致玉米淀粉现货价格特别是华北地区现货价格大幅上涨,盘面表现为玉米淀粉与玉米价差持续扩大,1801合约价差一度高于1709合约。

对于远期合约而言,存在两方面的不利因素:一是由于今年玉米淀粉行业利润丰厚,诸多企业均有扩产和复产计划。据统计,新作玉米上市前后,确定新增产能折合玉米加工能力360万吨,不太确定的部分大致在190万吨。这部分新增产能应在很大程度上缓解环保检查造成的影响;二是与9月不同,远月合约对应新作玉米上市阶段,参考去年情况,国家和东北地方政府可能继续针对深加工企业提供一定的补贴,以降低东北地区深加工企业的加工成本。

综上所述,目前国内玉米远月合约期价对应的东北产区和南方销区价格高企,不利于东北地区流向华北地区和南方销区,也不利于贸易商补库需求。在新作玉米上市压力之下,玉米期价有望继续弱势;玉米淀粉期现货价格近期受行业库存下降带动相对坚挺,但考虑到环保影响趋弱,新作玉米上市前后有新增产能投放,加上潜在可能的补贴政策预期,成本端和供需端均表明玉米淀粉远月合约期价可能被高估。

建议激进型投资者入场做空1801合约,分别以8月下旬高点,即玉米1744元/吨、玉米淀粉2056元/吨作为止损;也可以考虑做空1801合约玉米淀粉和玉米之间价差,以价差350元/吨作为止损位,重点关注玉米淀粉行业开机率与新建产能投放情况。

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