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山西:做好农业“加减法” 加快玉米“去库存”

2017-09-04 17:00:58   新华网

新华社太原9月4日电 题:山西:做好农业“加减法” 加快玉米“去库存”

新华社记者王飞航

“人说山西好风光,地肥水美五谷香。”作为我国农耕文化的发祥地和古老的农业区之一,良好的地理条件造就了山西特色农产品资源大省的地位,小杂粮、畜禽产品、中草药材等产品闻名遐迩。

去年以来,为解决玉米严重过剩问题,山西主动调减非优势区籽粒玉米种植面积,积极推进“杂粮、中药材、饲草替代玉米行动”,以市场需求为导向推进玉米“去库存”,为实现农民增收、促进农村持续稳定发展注入了新活力。

“粮改饲”:为养殖而种植

占据山西粮食作物“半壁江山”的玉米,近年来总面积一直在2500万亩左右,产量占粮食总产量的70%以上。数据显示,2000年山西玉米产量在30亿公斤左右,2016年已达到90亿公斤。

玉米市场供过于求导致价格大跌,这让不少农民为“卖粮难”发愁。

“山西养殖业不发达,玉米深加工产业也处于初步阶段,全省每年需外销35亿公斤左右玉米才能消化掉。”山西省粮食局有关负责人表示,“山西玉米‘去库存’势在必行,首要任务便是调整种植结构。”

“我家去年的玉米现在还有呢,卖不出去。”应县杏寨村村民张志宏说,还是种饲草好卖,苜蓿种一次能收6年,不必年年花钱买种子,政府每亩还给300元补贴,关键是收益比玉米高。

在山西朔州、大同等“粮改饲”试点地区,“种植为粮食、秸秆作饲料”的传统观念正逐渐改变,取而代之的是“为养殖而种植”的新思路。

“今年我种了10亩青贮玉米,还有半个多月才能收获,村里的养牛合作社提前以每吨350元的价格预订了。按照亩产3吨半算,1亩至少卖1000元,比种籽粒玉米1亩多挣出三四百元。”山阴县薛圐圙村种植户刘二虎说。

山西省牧草工作站站长杨国义说,“粮改饲”是山西农业结构调整的重要切入点,主要采取“以养殖带种植”的方式,开展青贮玉米、苜蓿等饲料作物种植。目前试点已扩展到10个县,种植全株青贮玉米46万亩,粮经饲比例由77:19:4调整到了60:19:21。

 小杂粮:让农民告别“懒汉田”

山西号称“小杂粮王国”,然而前些年由于玉米种植省工省时,是农民青睐的“懒汉田”,面积连年扩张,导致小杂粮面积萎缩严重。2000年山西小杂粮种植面积2000多万亩,总产近30亿公斤;而到了2015年,小杂粮种植面积则萎缩至1500万亩,总产量已不足20亿公斤。

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