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动力煤 四季度恐现价格拐点

2017-09-05 09:47:16   中国经济网

迎峰度夏刚刚结束,因煤炭供需形势错综复杂,多空立场各不相同,市场分歧较大。进入9月,电厂需求回落初露端倪,动力煤年度、月度长协价格双双下降,港口现货价格却出现小幅上涨苗头,原因何在?

供应受政策影响

8月29日,为遏制山西省煤矿事故多发频发势头,山西煤监局对全省所有安全生产不放心矿井一律停产停工整顿。山西省煤炭厅公告共有14处,核定生产能力共1410万吨/年,此限产政策对市场供应会产生一定影响。

至于9月鄂尔多斯火工品限供19天,据了解,很多合法煤矿早就采取提前爆破、提前备药的预备措施,其对供应影响有限。

此外,河北省出台《京津冀及周边地区2017年大气污染防治工作方案》,自10月1日起,河北港口全面禁止柴油车汽运煤集疏港。为保障供应,有关方面积极推进港口与腹地连接铁路线路规划建设和汽运煤车辆升级改造,计划今年改造完成1000辆,到2020年基本全部改造完成。据万德资讯的消息,7月,国内天然气重卡产量为7568辆,同比增长463%;1—7月,天然气重卡累计产量达45425辆,同比增长548%。预计该方案对煤炭供应会产生一定影响。

十九大召开时间已确定为10月18日。会议前,相关安监环保政策可能从严。对后市颇为乐观促使港口煤价不降反升。

国家发改委拟出台煤炭库存制度

8月28日,国家发改委公布《关于建立健全煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度的指导意见(试行)》和《煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度考核办法(试行)》征求意见稿,征求意见截止时间为9月10日。据推测,该制度很可能在9月底正式发布。此时出台煤炭库存制度,市场人士解读为一定程度上助涨了煤价。

需求受天气和环保制约

受宏观经济企稳、煤炭供应偏紧、日耗持续高位的影响,8月31日,动力煤1709合约最后交易日收盘价为632.2元/吨,罕见地在交割月出现升水。不过,根据历年经验,9月煤炭需求下滑是大概率事件。随着气温的下降,居民用电负荷降低,沿海六大电力集团煤炭日耗回落至72.78万吨,淡季特征逐渐显现。目前,六大电厂煤炭库存已经突破1159.49万吨,可用天数恢复到16天,其采购不温不火。

8月21日,环境保护部、国家发改委等十部委发布《京津冀及周边地区2017—2018年秋冬季大气污染综合治理攻坚行动方案》,要求在“2+26”城市范围内,全面排查燃煤锅炉,截至11月1日完不成淘汰任务或弄虚作假的地区,严格问责。同时,进一步扩大燃煤小锅炉淘汰范围,10月底前,纳入2017年度淘汰清单中的4.4万台燃煤锅炉全部“清零”。此外,一些低效火电机组9月也有关停计划。后期,环保因素对下游需求的影响会逐渐显现。

短期内,虽然需求减弱,但安监环保因素限制了产能释放,动力煤价格偏强振荡的可能性较大。到了四季度,一旦产业链各环节库存开始积累,加上房地产和基建需求萎缩、高耗能企业关停,煤炭需求的降幅将超预期。届时,动力煤价格将形成一波回调行情,市场出现旺季不旺现象。

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