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原油 供强需弱 需求逐渐回落
2017-09-05 09:42:13 中国经济网
在沙特对外宣称减少其8月出口量的情况下,国际油价加速上行,8月1日达到50.43美元/桶,随后振荡走低,盘中一度跌穿46美元/桶。不少市场人士继续看多油价,但笔者认为未来油价仍将下行。
产量持续增加
最新的报告显示,8月25日当周,美国原油产量为953万桶/日,为近两年的新高。页岩油产量8月为603.2万桶/日,预计9月将增加至614.9万桶/日。美国本土之外的阿拉斯加,其原油产量具有明显的季节性。1—2月,原油产量在53万桶/日附近;6—8月,原油产量处于季节性低点,在43万桶/日附近,波峰和波谷相差10万桶/日。目前,阿拉斯加原油产量处于上升通道,美国原油总产量有望进一步增加。
需求逐渐回落
美国炼厂检修具有明显的季节性。一般情况下,8月下旬开始检修,一直持续至10月中旬。8月25日公布的EIA周报数据显示,美国炼厂开工负荷为96.6%,炼厂检修导致原油需求回落。另外,美国学生陆续返校、驾驶季渐入尾声,汽油需求减弱,原油和汽油库存将累积。
市场情绪偏空
EIA的最新报告显示,美国商业原油库存为4.57773亿桶,连续10周下降,但油价处于下跌趋势,说明市场情绪偏空。
其一,OPEC产油国减产执行力度下滑。OPEC7月减产执行力度为75%,为2017年以来的最低值。其二,美国活跃钻机数量增加。油井活跃钻机已经从2016年5月28日的316台已经增加至目前的759台。其三,虽然沙特连续几次缩减出口量,但其背后的动机有待进一步观察。沙特原油产量自减产以来不降反增,1月为995万桶/日,7月则为1015万桶/日。另外,8—9月是沙特用电量高峰,而该国主要以原油为燃料发电,原油需求势必大幅释放,其出口量本就呈现季节性回落的特点。其四,墨西哥湾关停的油井正陆续恢复生产,关停产量已从37.7万桶/日降至10.6万桶/日,该部分产量仅占墨西哥湾原油产量的6.1%。目前,尚有10家炼厂处于关闭状态,这10家炼厂的原油加工能力占美国总炼油能力的11%。相较于油井的恢产,炼厂的复产需要更长时间。加之部分炼厂即将进入检修期,炼厂开工负荷降低。
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