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货基告别高速扩张时代 “存款搬家”趋势或不可逆转

2017-09-05 06:41:50   中国经济网

疯狂扩张的货币基金被踩下“急刹车”,《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》(下称“新规”)即将在10月1日起施行。

相比征求意见稿,新规中专门针对货币基金制定了特别规定。根据基金业协会最新数据,截至2017年7月底,货币基金总规模达5.86万亿元,再创历史新高,这一数据环比6月底大增7516.87亿元,已实现连续6个月净增长。

与货币基金猛增对应的是,活期存款的快速减少。央行最新发布的7月份人民币信贷收支表显示:过去半年,个人活期存款和流通中货币(现金)合计大幅减少3万多亿元。

货基或需293亿风险准备金

新规要求,同一管理人所管理的采用摊余成本法进行核算的货币基金,月末资产净值合计不超过风险准备金月末余额的200倍,对于管理人风险准备金不符合要求的,不仅要求不得新设货币基金和理财基金,还增加了将管理人风险准备金计提比例提升至20%以上的规定。

这一规定成为了货币基金规模的“天花板”。根据新规,基金公司所能管理的货币基金规模受限于该公司风险准备金账户的余额。例如,基金公司的风险准备金账户月末余额为1亿元,其发行的货币基金最大能发展到200亿元。如果超过200倍,则要计提更多的风险准备金,新规第41条规定将“计提比例提高至20%以上”,而目前公募基金风险准备金的计提比例为管理费的10%。

风险准备金主要用于弥补因基金管理人或托管人违法违规、违反基金合同、操作错误或因技术故障等原因给基金财产或基金份额持有人造成的损失,以及证监会规定的其他用途。风险准备金不足以赔偿上述损失的,基金管理人与托管人应当使用其他自有财产进行赔偿。

中金的研究报告指出,《新规》一出,货币基金在严要求、限规模、降收益的背景下,将告别高速扩张时代。

拥有规模最大货币基金余额宝的天弘基金,无疑成为《新规》出台后最受关注的公司。余额宝在今年4月突破万亿元大关后,6月底再次刷新规模记录,半年报显示其资产净值已增至1.43万亿元,比去年底的0.8万亿元,激增了近80%,环比2017年一季度末的1.14万亿元,增加了近3000亿元。

“新规的出台将有利于基金管理人进一步完善流动性风险管控机制、强化自我风险管控能力;亦将有利于行业健康发展、有利于保护投资者权益。在货币基金的管理过程中,天弘基金将按照相关规定贯彻落实,一如既往地把流动性管理放在最首要的位置。”天弘基金有关负责人在接受21世纪经济报道记者采访时表示。

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