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动力煤 价格下行压力较大

2017-08-31 09:50:09   中国经济网

近期,动力煤期货1801合约反弹较为强劲,一度上破620元/吨重要压力位。而与期货市场相反,现货市场表现平淡。笔者认为,季节性的迎峰度夏已经过去,民用电需求将有所下滑,而工业用电量也低于往年。同时,煤炭供应正在回升。动力煤价格下行压力较大。

民用电季节性需求见顶

从动力煤需求的季节性变化来看,每年动力煤有两个需求旺季,一是7—8月的迎峰度夏,二是冬天的采暖季。7—8月,由于天气炎热,民用电需求激增,电厂对动力煤的消耗随之上升。2017年7月1日至今,六大发电集团日均耗煤量为75.92万吨/天,而2016年同期为68.26万吨/天,2015年同期为62.87万吨/天,2017年日耗比2016年增加11%,比2015年增加21%。电厂耗煤量维持高位,是动力煤价格居高不下的主要原因。

从电厂的耗煤量季节性变化看,入秋之后天气转凉,民用电日耗将出现季节性下滑。2016年9月六大发电集团日均耗煤量为57.25万吨/天,2016年8月为70.4万吨/天,2016年9月环比8月日均耗煤量下降18.7%,2015年9月环比8月日均耗煤量下降19%。按往年的数据分析,9月的日耗比8月至少下降15%以上,因此预计2017年9月的电厂耗煤量环比8月将大幅下滑。

环保政策影响工业用煤量

与往年不同,今年,在严格的环保政策下,部分下游工厂面临检修整顿,进一步降低了动力煤需求量。从当前的环保要求来看,根据《京津冀及周边地区2017年大气污染防治工作方案》,今年“2+26”城市实现煤炭消费总量负增长。全面加强城中村、城乡接合部和农村地区散煤治理,北京、天津、廊坊、保定10月底前完成“禁煤区”建设任务。10月底前,“2+26”城市完成以电代煤、以气代煤任务。2017年10月底前,纳入2017年度淘汰清单中的4.4万台燃煤锅炉全部“清零”。

此外,环保同时要求部分工业企业限产减排。方案明确要求水泥、铸造等行业继续全面实施错峰生产;石家庄、唐山、邯郸、安阳等重点城市,采暖季钢铁产能限产50%,各地采暖季电解铝厂限产30%以上,氧化铝企业限产30%左右,炭素企业达不到特别排放限值的,全部停产,达到特别排放限值的,限产50%以上等。严格的环保政策意味着接下去的工业用电量将会大幅下滑,电厂对于动力煤的需求也将继续下降。

煤炭供应好于去年

从动力煤的供应来看,2017年的供应量较2016年同期有明显改观。2017年1—7月,全国原煤产量为200606万吨,2016年同期为190079.9万吨,同比增加5.54%。从调研反馈的情况看,2016年供给侧改革提出煤矿按照276天工作日安排生产,而2017年开年之后,煤矿生产基本都是按照330天工作日进行,煤矿产量迅速提升。

近期国家发改委提出,通过部分建设项目陆续投产,对部分优质产能煤矿重新核定生产能力,预计可新增煤炭产能约2亿—3亿吨。前期暂停生产的神华哈尔乌素、宝日希勒露天矿据悉也将重新恢复生产,这意味着后期的供应不会出现类似于2016年的情况。

总之,笔者认为,动力煤需求已经阶段性见顶,供应也好于去年,价格下行压力较大。

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