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货币基金风险隐忧再现 新规后货基将“急刹车”?

2017-08-31 07:55:43   中国经济网

深圳商报记者 李玲

凭借一只余额宝产品,天弘基金从一家常年亏损的小基金公司,一跃成为业内“一哥”。半年报数据显示,天弘基金上半年管理规模、管理费收入、盈利能力等数据均排在业内首位。

散户撑起余额宝

半年报数据显示,今年上半年公募基金业绩、规模均打了个翻身仗,实现利润2251.94亿元。但这一成绩主要来自于货币基金管理规模的迅速上升,596只货币型基金上半年利润为794.13亿元,而天弘余额宝一只产品便实现利润215亿元。半年报显示,截至6月30日,余额宝持有人户数达到3.68亿户,其中机构客户占比仅为0.2%,人均持有份额3885元。

产品管理规模的迅速扩张,也引起了公司对风险控制的重视。今年5月27日,余额宝把个人持有最高额度由100万元下调至25万元。而仅仅过了两个多月,天弘基金再度对余额宝的规模进行了控制,个人持有余额宝的最高额度调整为10万元。

天弘基金相关人士在接受记者采访时表示,今年以来余额宝的额度调整都是天弘基金的主动行为。目的在于保持余额宝长期稳健运行,加强天弘基金投资管理的主动性。

业内人士认为,去年年底多家公司货币基金曾发生风险事件,余额宝规模由去年年底的8083亿元急速扩张至1.43万亿元,也使得风险事件发生的可能性在上升。近期连续下调持有上限,主因也在于此。

一位基金业内人士则表示,余额宝的体量巨大,在极端情况下,仍有可能发生兑付困难、偏离度上升等风险。而一手打造余额宝的天弘基金副总经理周晓明也曾对媒体坦言,余额宝的规模确实已经达到一定体量,一旦发生风险有可能会对金融体系产生影响。

新规后货基将“急刹车”?

基金业协会最新公布的数据显示,7月货币基金规模达到5.84万亿元,增长7503.73亿元,环比增长14.74%,为2016年以来最大增幅。业内人士普遍认为,货币基金规模的快速增长或与同业存单近月发行量大增和收益率上行存在密切关系,若新规正式落地,货币基金规模、收益或将现“急刹车”。

天风证券孙彬彬则认为,本轮货币基金规模扩张中,银行资金是主要推手,而散户资金亦不容忽视。其中,机构资金贡献约为6000亿至7000亿份,散户资金增长约4000亿至5000亿份。但其中也暗含着流动性风险,机构出现快速赎回可能放大交易风险和损害第三方利益。

这一现象也引起了监管层重视,有消息称关于货币基金新规正在酝酿之中。根据已曝光信息显示,将限制或禁止货币基金对部分商业银行同业存单的投资;同时,规定同一基金管理人管理的全部货基投向同一银行的存款、同业存单与债券的总额,不能超过该行净资产的10%。

对此,兴业银行首席经济学家鲁政委认为,对货币基金来说,大型货币基金规模扩张可能受阻,货币基金收益率面临下行压力,但同时也为小型基金迎来提高市场份额的机会。同时,该规则将使货币基金收益率和货币市场利率下行。

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