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人民币恢复年度升值有戏

2017-08-31 07:36:43   中国经济网

7月以来,人民币兑美元汇率堪称势如破竹,接连突破6.8、6.7、6.6三道整数关口。在人民币快速升值背后,纵然有美元“弱爆了”在主导,人民币“自强了”也可能是不能忽视的影响因素,当前市场汇率预期出现分化,相比之前单边贬值的情况改善不少。分析人士指出,往后看,美元对人民币汇率走势仍有重要影响,但即便美元止住跌势,人民币再现大幅贬值的可能性也不大,全年重现年度升值几无悬念。

表现堪称势如破竹

30日,人民币兑美元汇率中间价报6.6102元,续创2016年8月18日以来新高,较上一日调高191个基点,为连续第三日上调。

虽然隔夜美元指数探底回升,但在中间价继续上调的刺激下,8月30日,境内人民币兑美元即期汇率早盘快速冲破6.59关口,将本轮反弹高位刷新至6.5801元;在高位经历一阵盘整之后,人民币汇率涨幅开始收敛,16:30收盘价报6.5927元,较收盘价小涨48个基点。

7月11日以来,人民币兑美元汇率的表现可谓势如破竹,接连突破6.8、6.7、6.6三道整数关口,两个月左右时间里升值了3%;无论是升值幅度还是持续时间,都明显超过今年前几轮升值行情。

另外,自6月以来,CFETS人民币汇率指数止住跌势,转为低位震荡格局,最近还有所上涨,而今年前5个月,虽然人民币兑美元小幅升值,但兑一篮子货币汇率持续贬值,表现为人民币汇率指数一路走低。

这些变化引发了市场对人民币汇率升值进程的讨论。有观点认为,人民币升值正从被动式走向自主式,后续进一步升值空间正在打开。

“自强”还是美元弱

近段时间,人民币出现快速升值,到底是因为人民币“自强了”,还是美元“弱爆了”?对比美元指数跌幅与人民币对美元升幅,不难发现,美元走弱依旧是推动人民币兑美元汇率升值的主要原因。

自从年初刷新十余年高位后,美元指数的走势便来了个一百八十度大转弯,在一路下跌超过10%之后,美元指数尚未出现明显企稳信号,8月29日亚欧盘中跌破92关口,创下逾两年半新低。从7月11日算起,最近美元指数下跌近4%,超过人民币兑美元汇率升幅,因此,人民币对美元升值,很大程度上仍要归因于美元自身弱势。

不过,与今年前五个月相比,这种价格变化的差距已明显缩小。今年前5月,美元指数下跌逾5%,人民币对美元升值幅度不到2%。当前人民币升值步伐正在加快,这可能与客盘结汇意愿上升及交易盘跟风追涨有关。毕竟过去两三年,人民币对美元持续贬值,不少企业选择持汇或延迟结汇,民众手里积累了大量外汇头寸,如今随着人民币对美元不断反弹,一些企业和家庭可能重新结汇,从而为人民币“补涨”提供动力。

所以说,在人民币快速升值背后,纵然有美元“弱爆了”在推波助澜,人民币“自强了”也可能是不能忽视的影响因素。

往后看,美元对人民币汇率走势仍有重要影响,如果美元继续走弱,人民币继续升值将是大概率事件。不过,美元较年初高点已回调超过10%,线性外推美元趋势可能已不合适,需提防后续美元走势出现反复。当然,市场上人民币汇率预期已显著分化,虽然还没有形成强烈升值预期,但单边贬值预期已减弱,后续即便美元走势反复,人民币再现大幅贬值可能性也小,从全年来看,人民币恢复对美元升值是大概率事件,若如此,将是2014年以来的首次年度升值。

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