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代币发行融资已达26亿元 监管归口仍无定论

2017-08-31 07:15:51   中国经济网

■本报记者 左永刚

今年以来,在资产配置荒叠加企业融资需求的背景下,代币发行融资(ICO)风生水起,引发包括VC/PE机构以及企业在内的各类市场主体跃跃欲试。

国家互联网金融风险分析技术平台近日发布的《2017上半年国内ICO发展情况报告》显示,截至2017年7月18日,监测发现在上述平台上线并完成ICO的项目65个。

根据上述报告,目前面向国内提供ICO服务的相关平台有43家,2017年以来,截至7月19日通过上述平台完成的ICO项目累计融资规模达26.16亿元。累计参与人次达10.5万。

《证券日报》记者了解到,目前在国内,不少VC/PE机构以及企业开始热衷于尝试ICO,并且试水的意愿强烈。

“ICO之所以突然爆发,其背后深层次原因有两方面,一是资金遭遇‘资产荒’,目前闲散资金缺少优质的大宗资产配置渠道或品种;二是一些企业有拓展融资渠道的客观需求。但ICO可能会滋生诈骗等违法活动。”8月30日,一位不愿具名的国内区块链金融研究者在接受《证券日报》记者采访时说。

目前,我国对上述特定虚拟商品已给出官方界定,并且未承认其货币功能。

“以比特币为代表的特定虚拟商品,在部分国家可以实现与法定货币挂钩,这就解决了流通难题,而在中国虽然只是被定义为特定的虚拟商品,但可以在互联网上买卖,这意味着,虚拟币可以以人民币计价。这就解决了流通技术障碍。”上述区块链金融研究者称。

《证券日报》记者了解到,目前对于ICO的监管并没有归口,并且有消息称近期中央监管机构正在密集调研,地方监管机构也尝试“监管沙盒”、进行“风险提示”。

目前业界产生的共识是:尽快将ICO纳入正式金融监管,包括对ICO行为进行法律界定、对ICO项目真实性审核把关。同时明确监管归口。

北京大成律师事务所合伙人肖飒8月30日在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,目前,监管机构的调研频繁,对于ICO概念和外延的研讨也很深入,但只要一说到涉众案件,大家总是严肃的。

对此,肖飒建议参照《证券法》及相关法规规则,借用证券类自律组织和从业资格,对于ICO进行疏导,如果ICO能够给市场和百姓带来正面作用,给予其备案或牌照,按照类证券的管理思路进行处理,但要兼顾一级市场管理的普遍规则。

从性质上来看,ICO更应该归口于央行监管,但从ICO的行为来看,按照今年全国金融工作会议强调“重视行为监管”的要求,ICO应该归口证监会。目前美国证监会宣布将部分ICO项目纳入监管体系。

肖飒则认为,由证监会监管ICO最为顺畅,然后由央行统一监管严控通过ICO洗钱,最终实现对ICO的穿透式监管。

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