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新兴市场需要更强有力的一线监管

2017-08-30 07:10:28   中国经济网

交易所市场不能成为由散户埋单的市场,中小投资者需要更高水平的保护,这是交易所一线监管特殊职责所在

■本报记者 朱宝琛

日前在上海举行的“证券交易所一线监管国际研讨会”上,韩国、巴基斯坦、孟买等证券交易所的代表纷纷指出,尽管从世界范围来看,基于不同的市场基础、投资者结构、发展阶段,证券交易所一线监管被演绎出丰富的样态,好比自律之“根”上开出的各色花朵。而在市场的“土壤”“温度”等因素大致相当的亚太地区新兴市场,一线监管的基本目标、逻辑和实践,更是显示出较高的趋同性。用一句话概括,新兴市场需要更强有力的一线监管。

自2015年股市异常波动以来,内地资本市场监管格局出现了新的变化。在中国证监会深入推进依法、从严、全面监管的背景下,证券交易所的一线监管职责得到重点强化。以异常交易监管为例,2016年沪深交易所共发出书面和口头警示7千余次,2017年以来已发出4000多次。随着交易所在维护市场秩序、净化市场生态方面的作用日益凸显,市场对于交易所一线监管的关注度和响应度也与日俱增。

事实上,从此次会议反映出的信息看,在强化市场监管方面,内地证券交易所并非别树一帜的“独行侠”。

首先,从对一线监管职责的自我认同和市场认同来看,参会交易所代表普遍认为,对证券市场实施一线监管,既是交易所的天然职责、法定职责,也是自身竞争力的直接体现。即便是较早完成公司化进程的纳斯达克等成熟市场的证券交易所,也从未放弃这一监管职责。在个人投资者参与程度较高、市场主体交易行为尚不十分理性成熟的亚太地区新兴市场,证券交易所的一线监管更是维护市场秩序、保护中小投资者利益的直接保障,发挥着至关重要的作用。

其次,从一线监管介入的方式和程度来看,新兴市场证券交易所的一线监管呈现出更明显的主动性、及时性和干预性。例如,台湾交易所、韩国交易所、日本交易所都集中投入大量资源用于组织实施证券交易实时监控,通过发出警示、实施调查和要求会员拒绝接受客户委托等措施,及时识别和制止异常交易行为,防止其不利影响进一步扩大。

台湾交易所代表强调,证券市场违法违规行为的行政、司法处置,往往耗时数月乃至数年,而对受到损害的投资者而言,“迟到的正义”将失去其意义。证券交易所应当在交易监察环节及时介入,及早阻止不当交易行为演变为市场操纵等恶性案件,这是缓解行政、司法高昂执法成本,切实有效维护市场秩序的必然要求。

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