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国家发展改革委:我国将建煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度

2017-08-28 21:04:46   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网北京8月28日讯 (记者 林火灿)国家发展和改革委员会有关负责人今日表示,为增强煤炭稳定供应和应急保障能力,促进经济平稳运行,我国将探索建立健全煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度。

煤炭是我国的基础能源和重要原材料,保持合理库存是实现煤炭稳定供应、避免价格大幅波动的有力保障。近年来,部分地区和有关重点行业围绕建立煤炭储备制度、提高库存水平陆续出台了一系列管理办法和规定,为缓解区域性、时段性供需矛盾发挥了积极作用。

从实践情况看,我国还存在着覆盖面不全、约束力不强、标准要求不统一等问题,难以满足新形势的发展变化需要。因此,在现有工作基础上,建立健全以最低库存和最高库存为主要内容的社会责任储备制度,具有十分重要的意义。

记者了解到,国家发展改革委近期已经研究起草了《关于建立健全煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度的指导意见(试行)》以及《煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度考核办法(试行)》,并向社会公开征求意见。

根据《指导意见》和《考核办法》,我国将按照现有相关行业标准规范,综合考虑煤炭开采布局、资源禀赋、运输条件和产运需结构变化等因素,按照不同环节、不同区域、不同企业、不同时段,科学确定煤炭最低库存和最高库存。

例如,对于煤炭生产企业而言,煤矿地面生产系统中的储煤能力应达到3至7天的矿井设计产量,储煤能力包括储煤场和贮煤装车仓总能力。同时,设有储煤厂的煤矿,当动力煤价格处于绿色区域时,应保持不低于5天设计产量的最低储煤量;当动力煤价格出现大幅下跌超出绿色区域下限时,煤矿应保持不低于7天设计产量的最低储煤量;当动力煤价格出现大幅上涨超出绿色区域上限时,煤矿储煤量可不高于3天设计产量。不设储煤厂的煤矿,应保持装车仓最大设计储煤量。

上述负责人介绍说,当市场供不应求,价格大幅上涨至红色区域时,有关部门将加强对煤炭生产、经营、消费企业最高库存情况的监督检查,防止囤积惜售,加剧供应紧张状况。在此期间,可不考核生产和经营企业最低库存,鼓励各方加大资源投放,以满足市场需求。当市场供过于求,价格大幅下跌至红色区域时,有关部门将加强对煤炭生产、经营、消费企业最低库存情况的监督检查,防止企业少存煤甚至不存煤,影响安全生产稳定运行。期间,可不考核最高库存,鼓励企业多存煤,以促进市场供需平衡。

记者了解到,各地煤炭管理部门负责对本地区煤炭生产和经营企业最低库存和最高库存执行情况进行监督考核,运行调节部门负责对重点用煤企业的最低库存和最高库存执行情况进行监督考核。发现企业库存未达到要求的,要督促其在确保安全的前提下限期整改,到期仍达不到要求的,对有关煤炭企业执行差别电价,并与减量化生产挂钩;对有关发电企业核减计划电量,并在参与电力交易上给予一定限制;对造成缺煤停机、影响发电供热的要追究问责;对囤积居奇、哄抬物价、扰乱市场秩序的价格违法行为,依法进行查处。

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