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报告提出:进一步采取切实有效措施控制企业债务风险

2017-08-29 16:40:28   中国经济网

《中国企业债务:宏观与行业风险评估》研究报告提出 进一步采取切实有效措施控制企业债务风险

经济日报-中国经济网北京8月29日讯 (记者 钱箐旎)8月28日,东盟与中日韩宏观经济研究办公室(AMRO)发布了《中国企业债务:宏观与行业风险评估》研究报告(以下简称“报告”),并与清华大学的经济管理学院及中国财政税收研究所、第一财经研究院共同主办了关于中国债务问题的研讨会。

报告指出,在短期和中期内,中国公司债务问题不大可能导致系统性危机,但是为了遏制企业债务引起的行业风险及维护金融稳定,必须采取切实有效措施。

“企业债务的较快上升是中国经济发展的一个重要挑战,但是只用企业总债务来分析风险有局限性。为此,AMRO从宏观及行业两个方面来研究企业债务问题。”AMRO 主任常军红博士在开幕词中表示,“我们希望今天的讨论以及我们最近的研究将为控制公司债务问题提供有益的分析框架和政策建议。”

根据报告,截至2016年末,中国企业债务与国内生产总值的比率为155%。报告认为,这个债务水平是多种因素导致的,包括中国所处在的特定的经济和金融发展阶段和一些结构及机制性的因素。另外,为应对全球金融危机所带来的经济下行风险,中国曾采取了大规模的经济刺激措施,这也是推动企业负债增加的一个因素。

报告分析显示,在以投资为主导的增长战略下,有一些行业增长较快,公司债务也集中在这些行业,包括公用事业、运输、房地产和建筑业。在过去数年内,由于利润和债务偿还能力的下降,有一些行业已经开始暴露出风险,包括采矿业、房地产业以及一些国有工业企业,特别是钢铁公司。从企业负债主要来源看,主要是银行贷款,但债券市场融资和影子银行融资的比重在过去几年较快上升。

报告指出,结构性改革有助于提高投资效率,尤其是对于国有企业。改革对于成功去杠杆并稳定债务水平至关重要。市场化的债转股对化解企业债务问题也很有帮助。此外,还应该进一步大力发展及完善股权融资市场,鼓励企业利用股权融资而不用依赖债务融资。为维护金融稳定及应对债务违约的冲击,金融机构应适当增加资本金和流动性,尤其是那些对薄弱的行业贷款额度较大的金融机构更是如此。AMRO还建议要进一步完善关于企业负债的数据库,以便更全面有效地监控债务风险。

与会者认为,中国企业债务问题是当前中国经济领域最受关注的问题之一,控制企业债务及化解相关风险是优先考虑的政策选择;AMRO作为东亚维护经济与金融稳定及负责宏观经济监测的国际组织,在广泛收集整理数据的基础上,对中国企业债务问题进行全面深入分析及风险评判非常及时,也很有意义;AMRO研究视角值得赞赏,尤其是报告从宏观及行业两个方面较准确分析了中国企业债务的构成,对相关行业杠杆效率及资金来源进行了细致的计算,这对未来提高企业去杠杆政策的精准性及有效性有积极借鉴意义。会议还讨论了解决中国企业债务问题面临的冲击及成本问题。

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