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原油 恐回踩42美元/桶

2017-08-29 10:00:36   中国经济网

2017年是全球原油市场走向再平衡之年。供需相对平衡的情况下,国际油价呈现一定的季节性规律,“一季度坚挺,二季度走弱,三季度反弹”。三季度反弹得益于需求旺盛。旺季过后,四季度油价将再度走弱。

需求旺季未结束

虽然美国稳步增产及OPEC减产执行率下降令三季度市场对全球原油供应过剩担忧不减,但6月末以来,季节性需求旺盛还是助推国际油价走出一波反弹行情。

夏季是汽油需求旺季,EIA的数据显示,7月28日当周,美国汽油日均消费量高达984万桶,创历史纪录,虽然随后有所下降,但依然处于高位。

汽油需求不仅可以有效消耗美国汽油库存,也可以带动上游原油的去库存进程。截至目前,美国原油商业库存和汽油库存均低于去年同期。其中,原油商业库存连降8周,自6月以来累计降幅高达5004万桶。根据历史数据,夏季汽油需求旺季会延续至9月初,这给国际油价带来一定支撑。预计9月中旬之前,WTI油价将维持在47—50美元/桶。

炼厂套保比率过低

当季节性需求退去,炼厂加工量下降,原油库存再度增加,四季度国际油价恐重回跌势。此外,当前炼厂套保比率过低,未来现金流无法得到充分保证,四季度炼厂加工量料下降。

CFTC的数据显示,5月初—8月初,美国汽油期货商业空头占比一直处于近9年来的历史同期低位。

造成炼厂套保比率过低的主要原因,一是裂解价差远期曲线结构一直没有给炼厂锁定远期利润的时间窗口;二是即期裂解利润偏高,炼厂仅兑现当期利润,并不急于去锁定远期利润,2012年也曾出现过这种情况。

由于炼厂套保比率过低,2012年9月下旬—11月下旬,美国炼油厂日加工量一直维持1460万桶,同比增速明显放缓,甚至一度出现负增长,美国原油商业库存快速上升,进而导致2012年四季度较三季度出现50%左右的回撤。

库存消费比抬升

2017年WTI油价走势与2012年非常相似,“一季度坚挺,二季度走弱,三季度反弹”,年内高点和低点出现的时间节点也一致。只是,2012年二季度是直线下跌,而今年二季度的下跌则是一波三折。

更为重要的是,2017年供应过剩问题加剧。当前,美国库存消费比为26.5天,2012年同期为21.68天。因此,2017年四季度油价大概率回调。

综上所述,在需求旺季的驱动下,短期国际油价整体仍会维持反弹格局,待旺季结束,四季度将重回跌势,不排除回踩42美元/桶低点的可能性。

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