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IPO募资大蛋糕怎么分?投行平均每单抽成3518万

2017-08-28 08:46:49   中国经济网

投行知名度左右费用高低

企业完成IPO上市需要支付与发行上市相关的费用,主要可以分为三个部分。首先是针对中介机构的费用,包括承销保荐费用、审计验资费用和律师费用。其次是交易所费用,主要为发行手续费用。最后为推广辅助费用,比如信息披露费用。

广证恒生首席研究官袁季在接受《国际金融报》记者采访时表示:进一步分析,其中,支付给中介机构的费用占总发行费用的比例最高,占到九成以上,而这其中又以承销保荐费用作为上市费用的主要来源。

发行费率并没有一定的标准,但由于所有IPO企业的发行上市费用情况均在招股文件中公告,因此各家企业的具体收费数额是相对透明的,也可以说存在无形的行业标准与惯例。

上海一家中型券商的投行人士陈兵(化名)告诉《国际金融报》记者,“根据募集金额不同,承销保荐费用一般占承销额的3%至8%,但在实际操作中,有很多因素会影响费用,造成发行费率分化。”

陈兵介绍,从投行来看,越知名的投行收费越高;从不同的交易场所来看,创业板的发行费率相对较高;从项目难度来看,问题越多的项目收费越高。

陈兵进一步表示:“上市费用虽然不低,绝大多数发行上市费用可在股票发行溢价中扣除,不会影响企业损益。但如果上市最终失败,则需要将其费用化。”

承销费率提升1.37%

2017年被誉为“IPO大年”,众多保荐机构在IPO业务上斩获颇丰。

Wind数据统计显示,2017年年初至今,广发证券的IPO承销收入达9.2亿元,行业排名第一,领先第二名中信证券2.25亿元。此外,海通证券、安信证券、国信证券、国金证券、中信建投证券的IPO承销收入也都超过5亿元。

从承销保荐费占募资规模的比例来看,2017年以来承销费率为6.95%,较2016年同阶段的5.58%提高了1.37%,利好券商投行收入。

不过,一位非银研究员指出,费用率的提高并不意味着券商投行整体议价能力有所提升,而是中小顶目增多。

袁季表示,由于承销保荐费是由企业和承销保荐机构协商确定的,对于大型融资项目,承销保荐商可能会要求较低的费率,以吸引企业。在帮助大企业融资打响知名度的同时增加机构承销保荐收入,为名多于为利。

“从2016年至今的IPO企业承销保荐平均费率来看,融资规模在3亿元以下的企业的承销保荐费率为10.69%,而大于50亿的企业的承销保荐费率仅为2.11%,两者相差8.58个百分点。” 袁季指出。

对于一些较大的IPO项目,企业可能会选择多家承销保荐机构进行承销和保荐,称为联合承销项目。从联合承销的情况上看,从2016年1月1日至今,总共有7家上市公司采用联合承销的方式,平均承销保荐费用达1亿元,平均承销保荐费率为2.47%。

陈兵介绍,对中小项目而言,投行一般还会约定保底承销费。“比如约定其承销费用按募集资金总额的6%,同时不低于2000万元来收取,如果按实际募集资金金额收取的费用低于2000万,则按照2000万收取。”

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